Abstract
•Hypersonic non-equilibrium flows over rounded nose geometries are numerically investigated by a robust conservation element and solution element.•The two-temperature model and the CV–CV chemical model have been implemented.•Simulations were performed to calculate the heat transfer and chemical non-equilibrium.
In this study, the hypersonic non-equilibrium flows over rounded nose geometries are numerically investigated by a robust conservation element and solution element (CE/SE) code, which is based on hybrid meshes consisting of triangular and quadrilateral elements. The dissociating and recombination chemical reactions as well as the vibrational energy relaxation are taken into account. The stiff source terms are solved by an implicit trapezoidal method of integration. Comparison with laboratory and numerical cases are provided to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the present CE/SE code in simulating hypersonic non-equilibrium flows.