Abstract
This work presents an extensive study of the optical (linear/non-linear), mechanical properties and gamma-photon-shielding effectiveness of potassium titanate biso-phosphate with chemical form 50P(2)O(5)-30TiO(2)-(20-x)K2O-xBi(2)O(3): x = 0 (Bi-0) mol%, 5 (Bi-5) mol%, 10 (Bi-10) mol%, 15 (Bi-15) mol%, and 20 (Bi-20) mol%.The linear refractive index (n(optical)) increased from 2.41 for Bi-0 sample to 2.52 for Bi-20 sample. Both optical susceptibility (chi((3))) and non-linear refractive index (n(2)(optical)) were enhanced with the addition of Bi3+ ions in the investigated glasses. Bond compression bulk elastic (KB-C) modulus was found to decrease from 72.737 GPa for Bi-0 to 69.266 GPa for Bi-20 glasses, while Poisson's ratio (sigma(B-C)) for Bi-glasses was increased from 0.251 to 0.256. According to Makishima-Mackenzie (M-M) model, values of (KM-M) were decreased from 39.370 GPa to 36.775 GPa. In terms of mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MAC and LAC), the glasses take the order that (Bi-0)(MAC,LAC) < (Bi-5)(MAC,LAC) < (Bi-10)(MAC,LAC) < (Bi-15)(MAC,LAC) < (Bi-20)(MAC,LAC). In terms of half value layer (HVL), at 0.015 MeV, HVL decreased from 0.022 cm to 0.003 cm, while at 15 MeV, it decreased from 12.062 cm to 4.841 cm for Bi-0 and Bi-20 glasses. In terms of transmission factor (TF), the average photons absorbed in the energy interval between 0.15 MeV and 1.5 MeV is 43.34%, 51.60%, 57.59%, 62.02%, and 65.16% of the incoming photons for glasses Bi-0, Bi-5, Bi-10, Bi-15, and Bi-20, respectively. The calculated values of exposure and energy absorption buildup factors (EBF and EABF) increase with increasing the penetration depth (PD) values, and a high increase is detected for high PD values (i.e., PD > 20 mfp). The fast neutron removal cross-section (Sigma(R)) takes values 0.03248 cm(2)/g, 0.02931 cm(2)/g, 0.02691 cm(2)/g, 0.02504 cm(2)/g, and 0.02355 cm(2)/g for glass samples Bi-0, Bi-5, Bi-10, Bi-15, and Bi-20, respectively.