Abstract
The genus Rosa L. belongs to the important family Rosaceae. Some taxa in Rosaceae produce delicious and beneficial fruits and some are good source of wood. In Saudi Arabia, Rosa L. is represented by different species, one of which is Rosa damascena Mill. R. damascena grows in many localities in Saudi Arabia. The most popular cities in growing rose are Taif and Al -Madinah Al-Munawarah. There are some differences between the taxa growing in both localities. Some refers to the chemical components and some are regarding to their harvesting time. This work aimed to find scientific phytochemical informations about both roses. In this paper the phenolic and antioxidant compounds were investigated and recorded in taxa from both locations. Paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography and High-performance chromatography were used to detect the flavonoids compounds and to give the antioxidant estimation. Quercetin and Letulin were the main agylcons presented in Rosa. Qercetin represents the flavonol group while Letulin represents the flavones one. Some of their glycosides are common in both Taif and Al -Madinah roses such as: Quercetin-3- arabinoside, Quercetin-7-glucoside and Apigenin-7-rhamnoglucoside. On the other hand, some flavonoids are restricted to the plants from one area only. For example, Gossyptin-3-monogalactoside was observed in Al -Madinah samples, while it was undetected in Taif samples. In contrast Quercetin-3-rhamnoside, Quercetin-3-monorhamnoside and Kaempferol-3-monoglucuronide were detected in Taif samples only. Finally, the antioxidant estimation of both localities showed that the Flavonoids content in Almadinah Rose leaves were very much greater than Taif Rose leaves.