Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) play a key role in modern display devices and systems. A highly desirable material for fabricating OLEDs is tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq(3)). In this work, a highly efficient OLED based on dysprosium (Dy)-incorporated Alq(3) (Alq(3)-Dy) was fabricated. The fabricated OLED had four layers, namely, those of indium tin oxide (ITO), N, N '-Di(1-naphthyl)-N, N '-diphenyl-(1,1 '-biphenyl)-4,4 '-diamine (NPB), Alq(3)-Dy, and aluminum (Al). The ITO and Al layers were used as electrodes, while the NPB was selected as a hole transport layer. All the layers were deposited sequentially on a glass substrate. The surface morphologies of these layers clarified that the materials were deposited as nanosphere particles. The OLED performance showed significant improvement in terms of the operating voltage, current efficiency, and luminance of the fabricated Alq(3)-Dy OLED compared with that of the pure Alq(3) OLED device. The luminance value was significantly enhanced from approximately 250 cd/m(2) for the pure Alq(3) OLED to approximately 5000 cd/m(2) for the Alq(3)-Dy OLED. Moreover, the electroluminescence (EL) intensity of the Alq(3)-Dy OLED was 20 times higher than that of the Alq(3) OLED. These findings may have a significant impact on the fabrication of the OLEDs and display devices.