Abstract
This study had for objective to identify nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae resistant to beta-lactamines, which were isolated from different samples: blood culture, urine culture and Levy Tracheal Protected from the consultants or patients hospitalized Habib Thameur Tunis-Tunisia Hospital for four years from 2010 to 2013. A retrospective survey was made over 4 years (2010-2013). It involved 93 patients of pediatric surgery services and and the anesthesia resuscitation presenting an urinary and blood infection confirmed by the laboratory of microbiology of the hospital Habib Thameur of Tunis. The year 2012 was characterized by a significant increase of the patients affected by Escherichia coli beta-lactamases with extended spectrum (E. coli BLSE) and Klebsiella pneumoniae beta-lactamases with extended spectrum (K. pn. BLSE). We were a able identified the bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pn.), of the readings of galleries and antibiogrammes. And further to test Hodge and E. test, we classified the strain K. pn. Carbapenemases (K. pn. carba), K. pn. metallo beta-lactamase (K. pn. metallo), K. pn. beta-lactamases and E. coli beta-lactamases. The resistance of E. coli and K. pn in beta-lactamines became worrisome so in a hospital environment as in community. Four multiresistant strains may be carriers of plasmids coding for resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics have been detected. The succession of this mechanism of resistance involves a more rational use of beta-lactamines, especially as a first-line treatment of urinary tract infections.