Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

M. E. Christy; T. Gautam; L. Ou; B. Schmookler; Y. Wang; D. Adikaram; Z. Ahmed; H. Albataineh; S. F. Ali; B. Aljawrneh; K. Allada; S. L. Allison; S. Alsalmi; D. Androic; K. Aniol; J. Annand; J. Arrington; H. Atac; T. Averett; C. Ayerbe Gayoso; X. Bai; J. Bane; S. Barcus; K. Bartlett; Bellini; R. Beminiwattha; J. Bericic; H. Bhatt; D. Bhetuwal; D. Biswas; E. Brash; D. Bulumulla; C. M. Camacho; J. Campbell; A. Camsonne; M. Carmignotto; J. Castellanos; C. Chen; J-P Chen; T. Chetry; E. Cisbani; B. Clary; E. Cohen; N. Compton; J. C. Cornejo; S. Covrig Dusa; B. Crowe; S. Danagoulian; T. Danley; W. Deconinck; M. Defurne; C. Desnault; D. Di; M. Dlamini; M. Duer; B. Duran; R. Ent; C. Fanelli; E. Fuchey; C. Gal; D. Gaskell; F. Georges; S. Gilad; O. Glamazdin; K. Gnanvo; A. Gramolin; V. M. Gray; C. Gu; A. Habarakada; T. Hague; G. Hamad; D. Hamilton; K. Hamilton; O. Hansen; F. Hauenstein; A. Hernandez; W. Henry; D. W. Higinbotham; T. Holmstrom; T. Horn; Y. Huang; G. M. Huber; C. Hyde; H. Ibrahim; N. Israel; C-M Jen; K. Jin; M. Jones; A. Kabir; B. Karki; C. Keppel; Khachatryan; P. M. King; S. Li; W. Li; H. Liu; J. Liu; A. H. Liyanage; D. Mack; J. Magee; S. Malace; J. Mammei; P. Markowitz; S. Mayilyan; E. McClellan; F. Meddi; D. Meekins; K. Mesick; R. Michaels; A. Mkrtchyan; B. Moffit; R. Montgomery; L. S. Myers; P. Nadel-Turonski; S. J. Nazeer; Nelyubin; D. Nguyen; N. Nuruzzaman; M. Nycz; R. F. Obrecht; K. Ohanyan; C. Palatchi; B. Pandey; K. Park; S. Park; C. Peng; F. D. Persio; R. Pomatsalyuk; E. Pooser; A. J. R. Puckett; Punjabi; B. Quinn; S. Rahman; M. N. H. Rashad; P. E. Reimer; S. Riordan; J. Roche; Sapkota; A. Sarty; B. Sawatzky; N. H. Saylor; M. H. Shabestari; A. Shahinyan; S. Sirca; G. R. Smith; S. Sooriyaarachchilage; N. Sparveris; R. Spies; A. Stefanko; T. Su; A. Subedi; Sulkosky; A. Sun; Y. Tan; L. Thorne; N. Ton; F. Tortorici; R. Trotta; R. Uniyal; G. M. Urciuoli; E. Voutier; B. Waidyawansa; B. Wojtsekhowski; S. Wood; X. Yan; L. Ye; Z. H. Ye; C. Yero; J. Zhang; Y. X. Zhao; P. Zhu; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.102002

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Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

M. E. Christy, T. Gautam, L. Ou, B. Schmookler, Y. Wang, D. Adikaram, Z. Ahmed, H. Albataineh, S. F. Ali, B. Aljawrneh, …

Physical review letters, Vol.128(10), pp.102002-102002

11/03/2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.102002

PMID: 35333083

Abstract

Physical Sciences

Physics

Physics, Multidisciplinary

Science & Technology

We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q(2)) up to 15.75 (GeV/c)(2). Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the proton magnetic form factor at high Q(2) and double the range over which a longitudinal or transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. The difference between our results and polarisation data agrees with that observed at lower Q(2) and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects, extending to 8 (GeV/c)(2) the range of Q(2) for which a discrepancy is established at > 95% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the size of TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q(2).

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Title: Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering
Creators - without role: M. E. Christy - Hampton University
T. Gautam - Hampton University
L. Ou - MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
B. Schmookler - MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
Y. Wang - William & Mary
D. Adikaram - Newport
Z. Ahmed - University of Regina
H. Albataineh - Texas A&M University – Kingsville
S. F. Ali - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
B. Aljawrneh - North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
K. Allada - MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
S. L. Allison - Old Dominion University
S. Alsalmi - Kent State University
D. Androic - University of Zagreb
K. Aniol - Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA
J. Annand - University of Glasgow
J. Arrington - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
H. Atac - Temple University
T. Averett - William & Mary
C. Ayerbe Gayoso - William & Mary
X. Bai - University of Virginia
J. Bane - University of Tennessee at Knoxville
S. Barcus - William & Mary
K. Bartlett - William & Mary
Bellini - Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dept Phys & Astron, I-95123 Catania, Italy
R. Beminiwattha - Syracuse University
J. Bericic - Newport
H. Bhatt - Mississippi State University
D. Bhetuwal - Mississippi State University
D. Biswas - Hampton University
E. Brash - Christopher Newport University
D. Bulumulla - Old Dominion University
C. M. Camacho - Inst Phys Nucl, 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau, F-91400 Orsay, France
J. Campbell - Dalhousie University
A. Camsonne - Newport
M. Carmignotto - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
J. Castellanos - University of Miami
C. Chen - Hampton University
J-P Chen - Newport
T. Chetry - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
E. Cisbani - Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Ple Aldo Moro 2, I-200185 Rome, Italy
B. Clary - Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
E. Cohen - Tel Aviv University
N. Compton - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
J. C. Cornejo - William & Mary
S. Covrig Dusa - Newport
B. Crowe - North Carolina Cent Univ, Durham, NC 27707 USA
S. Danagoulian - North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
T. Danley - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
W. Deconinck - William & Mary
M. Defurne - CEA Saclay
C. Desnault - Inst Phys Nucl, 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau, F-91400 Orsay, France
D. Di - University of Virginia
M. Dlamini - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
M. Duer - Tel Aviv University
B. Duran - Temple University
R. Ent - Newport
C. Fanelli - MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
E. Fuchey - University of Connecticut
C. Gal - University of Virginia
D. Gaskell - Newport
F. Georges - Ecole Cent Paris, 3 Rue Joliot Curie, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France
S. Gilad - MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
O. Glamazdin - Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine
K. Gnanvo - University of Virginia
A. Gramolin - Boston University
V. M. Gray - William & Mary
C. Gu - University of Virginia
A. Habarakada - Hampton University
T. Hague - Kent State University
G. Hamad - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
D. Hamilton - University of Glasgow
K. Hamilton - University of Glasgow
O. Hansen - Newport
F. Hauenstein - Old Dominion University
A. Hernandez - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
W. Henry - Temple University
D. W. Higinbotham - Newport
T. Holmstrom - Ashland
T. Horn - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
Y. Huang - University of Virginia
G. M. Huber - University of Regina
C. Hyde - Old Dominion University
H. Ibrahim - Cairo University
N. Israel - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
C-M Jen - Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
K. Jin - University of Virginia
M. Jones - Newport
A. Kabir - Kent State University
B. Karki - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
C. Keppel - Newport
Khachatryan - Stony Brook University
P. M. King - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
S. Li - University of New Hampshire at Manchester
W. Li - University of Regina
H. Liu - Columbia University
J. Liu - University of Virginia
A. H. Liyanage - Hampton University
D. Mack - Newport
J. Magee - William & Mary
S. Malace - Newport
J. Mammei - University of Manitoba
P. Markowitz - University of Miami
S. Mayilyan - AANL, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
E. McClellan - Newport
F. Meddi - Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Ple Aldo Moro 2, I-200185 Rome, Italy
D. Meekins - Newport
K. Mesick - University of New Brunswick
R. Michaels - Newport
A. Mkrtchyan - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
B. Moffit - Newport
R. Montgomery - University of Glasgow
L. S. Myers - Newport
P. Nadel-Turonski - Newport
S. J. Nazeer - Hampton University
Nelyubin - University of Virginia
D. Nguyen - University of Virginia
N. Nuruzzaman - Hampton University
M. Nycz - Kent State University
R. F. Obrecht - Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
K. Ohanyan - AANL, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
C. Palatchi - University of Virginia
B. Pandey - Hampton University
K. Park - Old Dominion University
S. Park - Stony Brook University
C. Peng - Duke University
F. D. Persio - Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Ple Aldo Moro 2, I-200185 Rome, Italy
R. Pomatsalyuk - Kharkov Inst Phys & Technol, UA-61108 Kharkov, Ukraine
E. Pooser - Newport
A. J. R. Puckett - Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
Punjabi - Norfolk State University
B. Quinn - Carnegie Mellon University
S. Rahman - University of Manitoba
M. N. H. Rashad - Old Dominion University
P. E. Reimer - Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA
S. Riordan - Stony Brook University
J. Roche - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Sapkota - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
A. Sarty - St Marys Univ, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada
B. Sawatzky - Newport
N. H. Saylor - Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA
M. H. Shabestari - Mississippi State University
A. Shahinyan - AANL, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 0036, Armenia
S. Sirca - University of Ljubljana
G. R. Smith - Newport
S. Sooriyaarachchilage - Hampton University
N. Sparveris - Temple University
R. Spies - University of Manitoba
A. Stefanko - Carnegie Mellon University
T. Su - Kent State University
A. Subedi - Mississippi State University
Sulkosky - MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
A. Sun - Carnegie Mellon University
Y. Tan - University of Jinan
L. Thorne - Carnegie Mellon University
N. Ton - University of Virginia
F. Tortorici - Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Dept Phys & Astron, I-95123 Catania, Italy
R. Trotta - Duquesne University
R. Uniyal - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo
G. M. Urciuoli - Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, Ple Aldo Moro 2, I-200185 Rome, Italy
E. Voutier - Inst Phys Nucl, 15 Rue Georges Clemenceau, F-91400 Orsay, France
B. Waidyawansa - Newport
B. Wojtsekhowski - Newport
S. Wood - Newport
X. Yan - Huangshan University
L. Ye - Mississippi State University
Z. H. Ye - University of Virginia
C. Yero - University of Miami
J. Zhang - University of Virginia
Y. X. Zhao - Stony Brook University
P. Zhu - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Publication Details: Physical review letters, Vol.128(10), pp.102002-102002
Publisher: Amer Physical Soc
Number of pages: 7
Grant note: STFC 57071/1; STFC 50727/1 / UK Science and Technology Facilities Council; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) PHY-1508272 / U.S. National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF) DE-AC0506OR23177 / DOE; United States Department of Energy (DOE) 21AG-1C085 / Science Committee of Republic of Armenia DE-AC0205CH11231; DE-AC02-06CH11357; DESC0016577 / U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics; United States Department of Energy (DOE) Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
Identifiers: 9948789408331
Academic Unit: King Saud University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article