Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a novel nano antibacterial formulation of dextran sulfate sodium polymer. The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) nanoparticles were formulated with gelation technique. The nanoparticles exhibited significant physicochemical and effective antibacterial properties, with zeta potential of - 35.2 mV, particle size of 69.3 z d nm, polydispersity index of 0.6, and percentage polydispersity of 77.8. The DSS nanoparticles were stable up to 102 degrees C. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed an endothermic peak at 165.77 degrees C in 12.46 min, while XRD analysis at 2 theta depicted various peaks at 21.56 degrees, 33.37 degrees, 38.73 degrees, 47.17 degrees, 52.96 degrees, and 58.42 degrees, indicating discrete nanoparticle formation. Antibacterial studies showed that the DSS nanoparticles were effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of DSS nanoparticles for Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris) were 150, 200, 250, 150, 200, 250, 250 mu g/mL, respectively. The antibacterial effects of DSS nanoparticles were in the order E. coli (26 +/- 1.2 mm) at 150 mu g/mL>S. pyogenes (24.6 +/- 0.8 mm) at 250 mu g/mL>B. subtilis (23.5 +/- 2 mm) at 150 mu g/mL>K. pneumoniae (22 +/- 2 mm) at 250 mu g/mL>P. aeruginosa (21.8 +/- 1 mm) at 200 mu g/mL>S. aureus (20.8 +/- 1 mm) at 200 mu g/mL>P. vulgaris (20.5 +/- 0.9 mm) at 250 mu g/mL. These results demonstrate the antibacterial potency of DSS injectable nanoparticles.