Abstract
The emission of CO2 from the construction and concrete industry poses a serious threat to human health and drastically impacts the environment. Therefore, there is an urge towards green or CO2 free concreting and construction by the United Nations by 2050. Researchers around the globe are exploring the best sustainable and alternative materials for cement and concrete with minimum to net zero CO2 emissions. Despite this, the research on zero-carbon concrete is still in the earlier stages with some interesting and prospective sustainable concrete solutions have been developed. The current paper presents a comprehensive review of the research carried out so far for achieving concrete technology with minimum to zero-carbon emissions. The main objectives of this review are to highlight the research directions for future research in the field of zero-carbon technology. Various search engines such as SCOPUS predominantly, Google Scholar, Engineering Village, Web of Science were adopted to explore the articles on zero-carbon concrete. The selected articles for review were divided into three key sections in this paper, i.e., 1) Formulations and microstructure of the sustainable concrete, 2) Durability of sustainable concrete, 3) Structural applications of sustainable concrete. The gaps and future research directions are elicited and presented in this paper. Finally, the key conclusions and recommendations are provided at the end of this paper.