Abstract
Eradication of
Helicobacter pylori
is a challenge due to rising antibiotic resistance and GIT-related disorders.
Cuminum cyminum, Pimpinella anisum
, and
Carum carvi
are fruits belonging to the Apiaceae family. Their essential oils were extracted, analyzed using GC-MS, tested for anti-
H. pylori
activity by a micro-well dilution technique, identified for potential anti-
H. pylori
inhibitors by an in-silico study, and investigated for anti-inflammatory activity using a COX-2 inhibition assay. Results showed that the main components of
C. cyminum, P. anisum,
and
C. carvi
were cumaldehyde (41.26%), anethole (92.41%), and carvone (51.38%), respectively. Essential oil of
C. cyminum
exhibited the greatest anti-
H. pylori
activity (3.9 µg/mL) followed by
P. anisum
(15.63 µg/mL), while
C. carvi
showed the lowest activity (62.5 µg/mL). The in-silico study showed that cumaldehyde in
C. cyminum
has the best fitting energy to inhibit
H. pylori.
C. cyminum
essential oil showed the maximum ability to reduce the production of Cox-2 expression approaching celecoxib with IC
50
= 1.8 ± 0.41 µg/mL, followed by the
C. carvi
oil IC
50
= 7.3 ± 0.35 µg/mL and then oil of
P. anisum
IC
50
= 10.7±0.63 µg/mL. The investigated phytochemicals in this study can be used as potential adjunct therapies with conventional antibiotics against
H. pylori.