Abstract
The main goal of this work is to investigate Salvia fruticosa Mill. seed oils (essential and fixed) and lipid constituents (unsaponifiable matter and fatty acids) in addition to evaluating the antimicrobial activity of different seed extracts of various concentrations using Disc-diffusion under the Kirby-Bauer method against several selected strains of bacteria and fungi. The volatile oil of the seeds was obtained using the hydrodistillation method, while the fixed oil was extracted with n-hexane to give a yellowish oil. Both of the oils were analyzed using GC/MS. The identified compounds constitute 98.35% and 89.85%, respectively. The results prove that the volatile oil contains thirty (30) compounds with a high percentage of diterpenes (28.16%), of which sclareoloxide is the most abundant (14.47%), sesquiterpenes (27.91%) with vertical bar - cadinene as the main constituent (16.9%), ketones (12.33%), esters and phthalates (10.5%) and monoterpene hydrocarbon constituents (3.89%),. The fixed oil consists of nineteen (19) compounds of which linolenic acid (14.68%) represents the main compound. The main classes are acids (38.46%) with linoleic acid as the major acid (14.68%), esters (12.82%) of which methyl 10-octadecenoate forms 5.09%, hydrocarbons are represented by 7.51% with heptacosane as the main hydrocarbon (4.9%) and diterpenes are present only as phytol (6.01%). It is also noticed that the phthalates are present in the fixed oil in a higher percentage (12.83%) than that in the volatile oil (9.21%). The results of antimicrobial activity show that the unsaponifiable fraction of the seeds have variable antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi, with the highest activity being against Sarcina spp. and Staphylococcus aureus, while the volatile oil, the fixed oil as well as the saponifiable fraction had no effect at all concentrations against all of the tested strains used in study.