Abstract
In this study, greenhouse gas emitted during the construction stages of three residential buildings with land areas of 204 m(2), 150 m(2) and 120 m(2) in Moradabad city (8.866790 degrees N, 78.755921 degrees E) in northern India have been estimated and analyzed. Post design, the construction of a residential building involves five stages viz. design, production of building materials, mobilization of materials, building construction, and disposal of construction waste. Mathematical equations have been developed to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions in all the five stages as well as to estimate the aggregate emissions. Emissions from human-related activities like on-site cooking and water consumption have been included. The results indicate that the production of building materials is responsible for 74% of the total emissions. Steel, concrete, bricks, and cement are consumed in a large volume during the construction and have an environmental impact. Average Greenhouse Gas emissions of the three residential buildings were estimated to be about 0.784 tCO(2)e/m(2). Selecting the alternative building materials with low greenhouse gas emissions and incorporating a major renewable energy source are foremost priorities for future construction projects.