GWAS of 126,559 Individuals Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Educational Attainment

Cornelius A. Rietveld; Sarah E. Medland; Jaime Derringer; Jian Yang; Tonu Esko; Nicolas W. Martin; Harm-Jan Westra; Konstantin Shakhbazov; Abdel Abdellaoui; Arpana Agrawal; Eva Albrecht; Behrooz Z. Alizadeh; Najaf Amin; John Bamard; Sebastian E. Baumeister; Kelly S. Benke; Lawrence F. Bielak; Jeffrey A. Boatman; Patricia A. Boyle; Gail Davies; Christiaan De Leeuw; Niina Eklund; Daniel S. Evans; Rudolf Ferhmann; Krista Fischer; Christian Gieger; Hakon K. Gjessing; Sara Haegg; Jennifer R. Harris; Caroline Hayward; Christina Holzapfel; Carla A. Ibrahim-Verbaas; Erik Ingelsson; Bo Jacobsson; Peter K. Joshi; Astanand Jugessur; Marika Kaakinen; Stavroula Kanoni; Juha Karjalainen; Ivana Kolcic; Kati Kristiansson; Zoltan Kutalik; Jari Lahti; Sang H. Lee; Peng Lin; Penelope A. Lind; Yongmei Liu; Kurt Lohman; Marisa Loitfelder; George McMahon; Pedro Marques Vidal; Osorio Meirelles; Lili Milani; Ronny Myhre; Marja-Liisa Nuotio; Christopher J. Oldmeadow; Katja E. Petrovic; Wouter J. Peyrot; Ozren Polasek; Lydia Quaye; Eva Reinmaa; John P. Rice; Thais S. Rizzi; Helena Schmidt; Reinhold Schmidt; Albert V. Smith; Jennifer A. Smith; Toshiko Tanaka; Antonio Terracciano; Matthijs J. H. M. van der Loos; Veronique Vitart; Henry Voelzke; Juergen Wellmann; Lei Yu; Wei Zhao; Jueri Allik; John R. Attia; Stefania Bandinelli; Franois Bastardot; Jonathan Beauchamp; David A. Bennett; Klaus Berger; Laura J. Bierut; Dorret I. Boomsma; Ute Bueltmann; Harry Campbell; Christopher F. Chabris; Lynn Cherkas; Mina K. Chung; Francesco Cucca; Mariza de Andrade; Philip L. De Jager; Jan-Emmanuel De Neve; Ian J. Deary; George V. Dedoussis; Panos Deloukas; Maria Dimitriou; Guony Eiriksdottir; Martin F. Elderson; Johan G. Eriksson; David M. Evans; Jessica D. Faul; Luigi Ferrucci; Melissa E. Garcia; Henrik Groenberg; Vilmundur Guonason; Per Hall; Juliette M. Harris; Tamara B. Harris; Nicholas D. Hastie; Andrew C. Heath; Dena G. Hernandez; Wolfgang Hoffmann; Adriaan Hofman; Rolf Holle; Elizabeth G. Holliday; Jouke-Jan Hottenga; William G. Iacono; Thomas Illig; Marjo-Riitta Jaervelin; Mika Kaehoenen; Jaakko Kaprio; Robert M. Kirkpatrick; Matthew Kowgier; Antti Latvala; Lenore J. Launer; Debbie A. Lawlor; Terho Lehtimaeki; Jingmei Li; Paul Lichtenstein; Peter Lichtner; David C. Liewald; Pamela A. Madden; Patrik K. E. Magnusson; Tomi E. Maekinen; Marco Masala; Matt McGue; Andres Metspalu; Andreas Mielck; Michael B. Miller; Grant W. Montgomery; Sutapa Mukherjee; Dale R. Nyholt; Ben A. Oostra; Lyle J. Palmer; Aarno Palotie; Brenda W. J. H. Penninx; Markus Perola; Patricia A. Peyser; Martin Preisig; Katri Raeikkoenen; Olli T. Raitakari; Anu Realo; Susan M. Ring; Samuli Ripatti; Fernando Rivadeneira; Igor Rudan; Aldo Rustichini; Veikko Salomaa; Antti-Pekka Sarin; David Schlessinger; Rodney J. Scott; Harold Snieder; Beate St Pourcain; John M. Starr; Jae Hoon Sul; Ida Surakka; Rauli Svento; Alexander Teumer; Henning Tiemeier; Frank J. A. van Rooij; David R. Van Wagoner; Erkki Vartiainen; Jorma Viikari; Peter Vollenweider; Judith M. Vonk; Gerard Waeber; David R. Weir; H. -Erich Wichmann; Elisabeth Widen; Gonneke Willemsen; James F. Wilson; Alan F. Wright; Dalton Conley; George Davey-Smith; Lude Franke; Patrick J. F. Groenen; Albert Hofman; Magnus Johannesson; Sharon L. R. Kardia; Robert F. Krueger; David Laibson; Nicholas G. Martin; Michelle N. Meyer; Danielle Posthuma; A. Roy Thurik; Nicholas J. Timpson; Andre G. Uitterlinden; Cornelia M. van Duijn; Peter M. Visscher; Daniel J. Benjamin; David Cesarini; Philipp D. Koellinger; LifeLines Cohort Study

doi:10.1126/science.1235488

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GWAS of 126,559 Individuals Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Educational Attainment

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GWAS of 126,559 Individuals Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Educational Attainment

Cornelius A. Rietveld, Sarah E. Medland, Jaime Derringer, Jian Yang, Tonu Esko, Nicolas W. Martin, Harm-Jan Westra, Konstantin Shakhbazov, Abdel Abdellaoui, Arpana Agrawal, …

Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), Vol.340(6139), pp.1467-1471

21/06/2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235488

PMCID: PMC3751588

PMID: 23722424

Abstract

Multidisciplinary Sciences

Science & Technology

Science & Technology - Other Topics

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of educational attainment was conducted in a discovery sample of 101,069 individuals and a replication sample of 25,490. Three independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genome-wide significant (rs9320913, rs11584700, rs4851266), and all three replicate. Estimated effects sizes are small (coefficient of determination R-2 approximate to 0.02%), approximately 1 month of schooling per allele. A linear polygenic score from all measured SNPs accounts for approximate to 2% of the variance in both educational attainment and cognitive function. Genes in the region of the loci have previously been associated with health, cognitive, and central nervous system phenotypes, and bioinformatics analyses suggest the involvement of the anterior caudate nucleus. These findings provide promising candidate SNPs for follow-up work, and our effect size estimates can anchor power analyses in social-science genetics.

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Title: GWAS of 126,559 Individuals Identifies Genetic Variants Associated with Educational Attainment
Creators - without role: Cornelius A. Rietveld - Supreme Council Of Health
Sarah E. Medland - College Station Medical Center
Jaime Derringer - Univ Colorado, Inst Behav Genet, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
Jian Yang - University of Queensland
Tonu Esko - University of Tartu
Nicolas W. Martin - College Station Medical Center
Harm-Jan Westra - University of Groningen
Konstantin Shakhbazov - University of Queensland
Abdel Abdellaoui - University of Amsterdam
Arpana Agrawal - Supreme Council Of Health
Eva Albrecht - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Behrooz Z. Alizadeh - University of Groningen
Najaf Amin - Erasmus MC
John Bamard - Cleveland Clin, Heart & Vasc & Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
Sebastian E. Baumeister - College Station Medical Center
Kelly S. Benke - University of Toronto
Lawrence F. Bielak - Supreme Council Of Health
Jeffrey A. Boatman - University of Minnesota
Patricia A. Boyle - Rush University
Gail Davies - University of Edinburgh
Christiaan De Leeuw - University of Amsterdam
Niina Eklund - University of Helsinki
Daniel S. Evans - College Station Medical Center
Rudolf Ferhmann - University of Groningen
Krista Fischer - University of Tartu
Christian Gieger - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Hakon K. Gjessing - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Dept Genes & Environm, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
Sara Haegg - Uppsala University
Jennifer R. Harris - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Dept Genes & Environm, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
Caroline Hayward - University of Edinburgh
Christina Holzapfel - Fresenius
Carla A. Ibrahim-Verbaas - Erasmus MC
Erik Ingelsson - Uppsala University
Bo Jacobsson - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Dept Genes & Environm, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
Peter K. Joshi - University of Edinburgh
Astanand Jugessur - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Dept Genes & Environm, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
Marika Kaakinen - University of Oulu
Stavroula Kanoni - Wellcome Sanger Institute
Juha Karjalainen - University of Groningen
Ivana Kolcic - University of Split
Kati Kristiansson - University of Helsinki
Zoltan Kutalik - University of Lausanne
Jari Lahti - University of Helsinki
Sang H. Lee - College Station Medical Center
Peng Lin - Supreme Council Of Health
Penelope A. Lind - College Station Medical Center
Yongmei Liu - Wake Forest University
Kurt Lohman - Wake Forest University
Marisa Loitfelder - University of Graz
George McMahon - University of Bristol
Pedro Marques Vidal - University of Lausanne
Osorio Meirelles - NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892 USA
Lili Milani - University of Tartu
Ronny Myhre - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Dept Genes & Environm, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
Marja-Liisa Nuotio - University of Helsinki
Christopher J. Oldmeadow - College Station Medical Center
Katja E. Petrovic - Gen Hosp, Div Gen Neurol, Dept Neurol, A-8036 Graz, Austria
Wouter J. Peyrot - University of Amsterdam
Ozren Polasek - University of Split
Lydia Quaye - Kings Coll London, Dept Twin Res & Genet Epidemiol, London SE1 7EH, England
Eva Reinmaa - University of Tartu
John P. Rice - Supreme Council Of Health
Thais S. Rizzi - University of Amsterdam
Helena Schmidt - University of Graz
Reinhold Schmidt - University of Graz
Albert V. Smith - Iceland Heart Assoc, IS-201 Kopavogur, Iceland
Jennifer A. Smith - Supreme Council Of Health
Toshiko Tanaka - NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892 USA
Antonio Terracciano - NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892 USA
Matthijs J. H. M. van der Loos - Supreme Council Of Health
Veronique Vitart - University of Edinburgh
Henry Voelzke - College Station Medical Center
Juergen Wellmann - University of Münster
Lei Yu - Rush University
Wei Zhao - Supreme Council Of Health
Jueri Allik - University of Tartu
John R. Attia - College Station Medical Center
Stefania Bandinelli - Florence
Franois Bastardot - University of Lausanne
Jonathan Beauchamp - Harvard University
David A. Bennett - Rush University
Klaus Berger - University of Münster
Laura J. Bierut - Supreme Council Of Health
Dorret I. Boomsma - University of Amsterdam
Ute Bueltmann - University of Groningen
Harry Campbell - University of Edinburgh
Christopher F. Chabris - Union Coll, Dept Psychol, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA
Lynn Cherkas - Kings Coll London, Dept Twin Res & Genet Epidemiol, London SE1 7EH, England
Mina K. Chung - Cleveland Clin, Heart & Vasc & Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
Francesco Cucca - Consejo Invest Nacl Italiano CNR, Ist Ric Genet & Biomed, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy
Mariza de Andrade - Mayo Clin, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Div Biomed Stat & Informat, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
Philip L. De Jager - Brigham and Women's Hospital
Jan-Emmanuel De Neve - Supreme Council Of Health
Ian J. Deary - University of Edinburgh
George V. Dedoussis - Harokopio University of Athens
Panos Deloukas - Wellcome Sanger Institute
Maria Dimitriou - Harokopio University of Athens
Guony Eiriksdottir - Iceland Heart Assoc, IS-201 Kopavogur, Iceland
Martin F. Elderson - University of Groningen
Johan G. Eriksson - University of Helsinki
David M. Evans - University of Bristol
Jessica D. Faul - Univ Michigan, Survey Res Ctr, Inst Social Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA
Luigi Ferrucci - NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892 USA
Melissa E. Garcia - NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892 USA
Henrik Groenberg - Karolinska Institutet
Vilmundur Guonason - Iceland Heart Assoc, IS-201 Kopavogur, Iceland
Per Hall - Karolinska Institutet
Juliette M. Harris - Kings Coll London, Dept Twin Res & Genet Epidemiol, London SE1 7EH, England
Tamara B. Harris - NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892 USA
Nicholas D. Hastie - University of Edinburgh
Andrew C. Heath - Washington Univ, Div Biol & Biomed Sci, St Louis, MO 63110 USA
Dena G. Hernandez - NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892 USA
Wolfgang Hoffmann - College Station Medical Center
Adriaan Hofman - University of Groningen
Rolf Holle - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Elizabeth G. Holliday - College Station Medical Center
Jouke-Jan Hottenga - University of Amsterdam
William G. Iacono - University of Minnesota
Thomas Illig - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Marjo-Riitta Jaervelin - University of Oulu
Mika Kaehoenen - Tampere University
Jaakko Kaprio - University of Helsinki
Robert M. Kirkpatrick - University of Minnesota
Matthew Kowgier - Ontario Inst Canc Res, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
Antti Latvala - University of Helsinki
Lenore J. Launer - NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892 USA
Debbie A. Lawlor - University of Bristol
Terho Lehtimaeki - Tampere University
Jingmei Li - Genome Institute of Singapore
Paul Lichtenstein - Karolinska Institutet
Peter Lichtner - German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Ctr Munich, Inst Human Genet, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
David C. Liewald - University of Edinburgh
Pamela A. Madden - Supreme Council Of Health
Patrik K. E. Magnusson - Karolinska Institutet
Tomi E. Maekinen - Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Hlth Funct Capac & Welf, Helsinki 00271, Finland
Marco Masala - Consejo Invest Nacl Italiano CNR, Ist Ric Genet & Biomed, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy
Matt McGue - University of Minnesota
Andres Metspalu - University of Tartu
Andreas Mielck - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Michael B. Miller - University of Minnesota
Grant W. Montgomery - College Station Medical Center
Sutapa Mukherjee - Sir Charles Gairdner Hosp, Western Australia Sleep Disorders Res Inst, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
Dale R. Nyholt - College Station Medical Center
Ben A. Oostra - Erasmus MC
Lyle J. Palmer - Ontario Inst Canc Res, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
Aarno Palotie - University of Helsinki
Brenda W. J. H. Penninx - University of Amsterdam
Markus Perola - University of Helsinki
Patricia A. Peyser - Supreme Council Of Health
Martin Preisig - University of Lausanne
Katri Raeikkoenen - University of Helsinki
Olli T. Raitakari - College Station Medical Center
Anu Realo - University of Tartu
Susan M. Ring - University of Bristol
Samuli Ripatti - University of Helsinki
Fernando Rivadeneira - Erasmus MC
Igor Rudan - University of Edinburgh
Aldo Rustichini - University of Minnesota
Veikko Salomaa - Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Chron Dis Prevent, Chron Dis Epidemiol Unit, Helsinki 00271, Finland
Antti-Pekka Sarin - University of Helsinki
David Schlessinger - NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 20892 USA
Rodney J. Scott - College Station Medical Center
Harold Snieder - University of Groningen
Beate St Pourcain - University of Bristol
John M. Starr - University of Edinburgh
Jae Hoon Sul - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Comp Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
Ida Surakka - University of Helsinki
Rauli Svento - University of Oulu
Alexander Teumer - College Station Medical Center
Henning Tiemeier - Erasmus MC
Frank J. A. van Rooij - Erasmus MC
David R. Van Wagoner - Cleveland Clin, Heart & Vasc & Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
Erkki Vartiainen - Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Div Welf & Hlth Promot, Helsinki 00271, Finland
Jorma Viikari - College Station Medical Center
Peter Vollenweider - University of Lausanne
Judith M. Vonk - University of Groningen
Gerard Waeber - University of Lausanne
David R. Weir - Univ Michigan, Survey Res Ctr, Inst Social Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA
H. -Erich Wichmann - College Station Medical Center
Elisabeth Widen - University of Helsinki
Gonneke Willemsen - University of Amsterdam
James F. Wilson - University of Edinburgh
Alan F. Wright - University of Edinburgh
Dalton Conley - NYU, Dept Sociol, New York, NY 10012 USA
George Davey-Smith - University of Bristol
Lude Franke - University of Groningen
Patrick J. F. Groenen - Supreme Council Of Health
Albert Hofman - Erasmus MC
Magnus Johannesson - Supreme Council Of Health
Sharon L. R. Kardia - Supreme Council Of Health
Robert F. Krueger - University of Minnesota
David Laibson - Harvard University
Nicholas G. Martin - College Station Medical Center
Michelle N. Meyer - Harvard University
Danielle Posthuma - University of Amsterdam
A. Roy Thurik - Supreme Council Of Health
Nicholas J. Timpson - University of Bristol
Andre G. Uitterlinden - Erasmus MC
Cornelia M. van Duijn - Erasmus MC
Peter M. Visscher - College Station Medical Center
Daniel J. Benjamin
David Cesarini - Cornell University
Philipp D. Koellinger - Supreme Council Of Health
LifeLines Cohort Study
Publication Details: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), Vol.340(6139), pp.1467-1471
Publisher: Amer Assoc Advancement Science
Number of pages: 5
Grant note: EAGER grant from the NSF MC_UU_12013/4 / Medical Research Council; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); European Commission Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC) ES/H02123X/1 / Economic and Social Research Council; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) BB/F019394/1 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) BB/F019394/1 / BBSRC; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) P01CA089392 / NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) ETM/55 / Chief Scientist Office MC_PC_U127561128 / MRC; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC) P01GM099568 / NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) T32MH016880 / NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) P01-AG005842; P01-AG005842-20S2; P30-AG012810; T32-AG000186-23 / National Institute on Aging (NIA)/NIH; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) R01HL111314 / NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Heart Lung & Blood Institute (NHLBI) K05AA017688 / NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA) SES-1064089 / NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA E9/11 / Ragnar Soderberg Foundation ZIAAG007380 / NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) R01DA005147 / NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA); European Commission ES/H02123X/1 / ESRC; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) 1064089 / Divn Of Social and Economic Sciences; National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF - Directorate for Social, Behavioral & Economic Sciences (SBE)
Identifiers: 9937407108331
Academic Unit: King Abdulaziz University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article