Abstract
Garcinia mangostana (Clusiaceae) is a rich pool of metabolites with diversified bioactivities. A new xanthone, garcixanthone E (1), and a new benzophenone, rhamnoside, as well as garcimangophenone C (9) together with garcinone E (2), alpha-mangostin (3), gamma-mangostin (4), garcinone C (5), garcixanthone C (6), gartanin (7), and 2,4,6,3 & PRIME;,5 & PRIME;-pentahydroxybenzophenone (8) were purified from G. mangostana EtOAc extract. Their structural verification was accomplished utilizing assorted spectral tools and relating to the literature. The in vitro cytotoxic potential versus MCF-7, A549, and HCT-116 cell lines demonstrated the moderate potential of 1 (IC(50)s 8.5, 5.4, and 5.7 mu M, respectively) in comparison to doxorubicin (IC(50)s 0.18, 0.6 and 0.2 mu M, respectively) using a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Additionally, 1 and 9 had AAI (alpha-amylase inhibition) with IC(50)s 17.8 and 12.9 mu M, respectively, compared to acarbose (IC50 6.7 mu M). Further, their AAI mechanisms were inspected utilizing molecular-docking evaluation by employing the crystal structure of the human alpha-amylase (PDB-ID: 5EOF). Compound 9 possessed a reasonable docking score of -7.746 kcal/mol compared with the native ligand 7JR which had a docking score of -9.932 kcal/mol. These results could further provide new insight into the potential usage of G. mangostana as a functional food for regulating postprandial hyperglycemia via suppressing AA.