Abstract
•ACE ternary biofuel blends are studied for the first time in SI engines.•ACE ternary blends are compared with the dual E and AC blends for the first time.•ACE showed the best emissions and output torque, compared to E and AC blends.•E showed the best volumetric efficiency and power, but the highest CO2 emissions.•ACE10 improved performance and emissions than the low blend rates ACE7 and ACE3.
High environmental pollutants and depleted fossil fuels forced researchers to investigating renewable and low emission fuels. In this study, renewable bioethanol and bio-acetone are mixed together and examined as a new fuel for SI engine for the first time. Three different blend rates are applied (3, 7, and 10 vol% of dual bio-acetone and bioethanol in gasoline) and compared with each other and the pure gasoline. Results of engine performance and pollutant emissions of different blends confirmed that the utmost blend rate (10 vol% of bioethanol and bio-acetone in gasoline) introduced the greatest volumetric efficiency, brake power, and output torque and the lowest CO and UHC emissions, compared to other fuel blends and pure gasoline. Besides, all fuel blends showed higher performance and lower emissions than the pure gasoline.
The ternary blended fuels (bioethanol-bio-acetone-gasoline, ACE) are also compared with dual ones (bioethanol-gasoline blends, E, and bio-acetone-gasoline blends, AC), for the first time in the literature. Results showed that the lowest emissions (CO, CO2, and UHC) are introduced by ACE blends, while the best performance (volumetric efficiency and engine power) is partly introduced by E blends. The ACE shared also the best performance (output torque) from the SI engine. The AC blends, however, introduced a moderate performance and emissions among all biofuel blends (ACE and E). The E blends, on the other hand, introduced the highest green unsuitability emissions, even higher than the pure gasoline.