Global Lambda hyperon polarization in nuclear collisions

L. Adamczyk; J. K. Adkins; G. Agakishiev; M. M. Aggarwal; Z. Ahammed; N. N. Ajitanand; I. Alekseev; D. M. Anderson; R. Aoyama; A. Aparin; D. Arkhipkin; E. C. Aschenauer; M. U. Ashraf; A. Attri; G. S. Averichev; X. Bai; V. Bairathi; A. Behera; R. Bellwied; A. Bhasin; A. K. Bhati; P. Bhattarai; J. Bielcik; J. Bielcikova; L. C. Bland; I. G. Bordyuzhin; J. Bouchet; J. D. Brandenburg; A. V. Brandin; D. Brown; I. Bunzarov; J. Butterworth; H. Caines; M. Calderon De la Barca Sanchez; J. M. Campbell; D. Cebra; I. Chakaberia; P. Chaloupka; Z. Chang; N. Chankova-Bunzarova; A. Chatterjee; S. Chattopadhyay; X. Chen; J. H. Chen; J. Cheng; M. Cherney; W. Christie; G. Contin; H. J. Crawford; S. Das; L. C. De Silva; R. R. Debbe; T. G. Dedovich; J. Deng; A. A. Derevschikov; L. Didenko; C. Dilks; X. Dong; J. L. Drachenberg; J. E. Draper; L. E. Dunkelberger; J. C. Dunlop; L. G. Efimov; N. Elsey; J. Engelage; G. Eppley; R. Esha; S. Esumi; O. Evdokimov; J. Ewigleben; O. Eyser; R. Fatemi; S. Fazio; P. Federic; P. Federicova; J. Fedorisin; Z. Feng; P. Filip; E. Finch; Y. Fisyak; C. E. Flores; L. Fulek; C. A. Gagliardi; D. Garand; F. Geurts; A. Gibson; M. Girard; D. Grosnick; D. S. Gunarathne; Y. Guo; A. Gupta; S. Gupta; W. Guryn; A. I. Hamad; A. Hamed; A. Harlenderova; J. W. Harris; L. He; S. Heppelmann; A. Hirsch; G. W. Hoffmann; S. Horvat; T. Huang; B. Huang; X. Huang; H. Z. Huang; T. J. Humanic; P. Huo; G. Igo; W. W. Jacobs; A. Jentsch; J. Jia; K. Jiang; S. Jowzaee; E. G. Judd; S. Kabana; D. Kalinkin; K. Kang; K. Kauder; H. W. Ke; D. Keane; A. Kechechyan; Z. Khan; D. P. Kikola; I. Kisel; A. Kisiel; L. Kochenda; M. Kocmanek; T. Kollegger; L. K. Kosarzewski; A. F. Kraishan; P. Kravtsov; K. Krueger; N. Kulathunga; L. Kumar; J. Kvapil; J. H. Kwasizur; R. Lacey; J. M. Landgraf; K. D. Landry; J. Lauret; A. Lebedev; R. Lednicky; J. H. Lee; X. Li; C. Li; W. Li; Y. Li; J. Lidrych; T. Lin; M. A. Lisa; H. Liu; P. Liu; Y. Liu; F. Liu; T. Ljubicic; W. J. Llope; M. Lomnitz; R. S. Longacre; S. Luo; X. Luo; G. L. Ma; L. Ma; Y. G. Ma; R. Ma; N. Magdy; R. Majka; D. Mallick; S. Margetis; C. Markert; H. S. Matis; K. Meehan; J. C. Mei; Z. W. Miller; N. G. Minaev; S. Mioduszewski; D. Mishra; S. Mizuno; B. Mohanty; M. M. Mondal; D. A. Morozov; M. K. Mustafa; Md Nasim; T. K. Nayak; J. M. Nelson; M. Nie; G. Nigmatkulov; T. Niida; L. V. Nogach; T. Nonaka; S. B. Nurushev; G. Odyniec; A. Ogawa; K. Oh; V. A. Okorokov; D. Olvitt Jr; B. S. Page; R. Pak; Y. Pandit; Y. Panebratsev; B. Pawlik; H. Pei; C. Perkins; P. Pile; J. Pluta; K. Poniatowska; J. Porter; M. Posik; A. M. Poskanzer; N. K. Pruthi; M. Przybycien; J. Putschke; H. Qiu; A. Quintero; S. Ramachandran; R. L. Ray; R. Reed; M. J. Rehbein; H. G. Ritter; J. B. Roberts; O. V. Rogachevskiy; J. L. Romero; J. D. Roth; L. Ruan; J. Rusnak; O. Rusnakova; N. R. Sahoo; P. K. Sahu; S. Salur; J. Sandweiss; M. Saur; J. Schambach; A. M. Schmah; W. B. Schmidke; N. Schmitz; B. R. Schweid; J. Seger; M. Sergeeva; P. Seyboth; N. Shah; E. Shahaliev; P. V. Shanmuganathan; M. Shao; A. Sharma; M. K. Sharma; W. Q. Shen; Z. Shi; S. S. Shi; Q. Y. Shou; E. P. Sichtermann; R. Sikora; M. Simko; S. Singha; M. J. Skoby; N. Smirnov; D. Smirnov; W. Solyst; L. Song; P. Sorensen; H. M. Spinka; B. Srivastava; T. D. S. Stanislaus; M. Strikhanov; B. Stringfellow; T. Sugiura; M. Sumbera; B. Summa; Y. Sun; X. M. Sun; X. Sun; B. Surrow; D. N. Svirida; A. H. Tang; Z. Tang; A. Taranenko; T. Tarnowsky; A. Tawfik; J. Thader; J. H. Thomas; A. R. Timmins; D. Tlusty; T. Todoroki; M. Tokarev; S. Trentalange; R. E. Tribble; P. Tribedy; S. K. Tripathy; B. A. Trzeciak; O. D. Tsai; T. Ullrich; D. G. Underwood; I. Upsal; G. Van Buren; G. Van Nieuwenhuizen; A. N. Vasiliev; F. Videbaek; S. Vokal; S. A. Voloshin; A. Vossen; G. Wang; Y. Wang; F. Wang; J. C. Webb; G. Webb; L. Wen; G. D. Westfall; H. Wieman; S. W. Wissink; R. Witt; Y. Wu; Z. G. Xiao; W. Xie; G. Xie; J. Xu; N. Xu; Q. H. Xu; Y. F. Xu; Z. Xu; Y. Yang; Q. Yang; C. Yang; S. Yang; Z. Ye; L. Yi; K. Yip; I-K. Yoo; N. Yu; H. Zbroszczyk; W. Zha; Z. Zhang; X. P. Zhang; J. B. Zhang; S. Zhang; J. Zhang; Y. Zhang; J. Zhao; C. Zhong; L. Zhou; C. Zhou; X. Zhu; Z. Zhu; M. Zyzak; STAR Collaboration

doi:10.1038/nature23004

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Global Lambda hyperon polarization in nuclear collisions

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Global Lambda hyperon polarization in nuclear collisions

L. Adamczyk, J. K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, N. N. Ajitanand, I. Alekseev, D. M. Anderson, R. Aoyama, A. Aparin, …

Nature (London), Vol.548(7665), pp.62-65

02/08/2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature23004

PMID: 28770839

Abstract

Multidisciplinary Sciences

Science & Technology

Science & Technology - Other Topics

The extreme energy densities generated by ultra-relativistic collisions between heavy atomic nuclei produce a state of matter that behaves surprisingly like a fluid, with exceptionally high temperature and low viscosity(1). Non-central collisions have angular momenta of the order of 1,000., and the resulting fluid may have a strong vortical structure(2-4) that must be understood to describe the fluid properly. The vortical structure is also of particular interest because the restoration of fundamental symmetries of quantum chromodynamics is expected to produce novel physical effects in the presence of strong vorticity(5). However, no experimental indications of fluid vorticity in heavy ion collisions have yet been found. Since vorticity represents a local rotational structure of the fluid, spin-orbit coupling can lead to preferential orientation of particle spins along the direction of rotation. Here we present measurements of an alignment between the global angular momentum of a non-central collision and the spin of emitted particles (in this case the collision occurs between gold nuclei and produces Lambda baryons), revealing that the fluid produced in heavy ion collisions is the most vortical system so far observed. (At high energies, this fluid is a quark-gluon plasma.) We find that Lambda and (Lambda) over bar hyperons show a positive polarization of the order of a few per cent, consistent with some hydrodynamic predictions(6). (A hyperon is a particle composed of three quarks, at least one of which is a strange quark; the remainder are up and down quarks, found in protons and neutrons.) A previous measurement(7) that reported a null result, that is, zero polarization, at higher collision energies is seen to be consistent with the trend of our observations, though with larger statistical uncertainties. These data provide experimental access to the vortical structure of the nearly ideal liquid(8) created in a heavy ion collision and should prove valuable in the development of hydrodynamic models that quantitatively connect observations to the theory of the strong force.

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Title: Global Lambda hyperon polarization in nuclear collisions
Creators - without role: L. Adamczyk - AGH Univ Sci & Technol, FPACS, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland
J. K. Adkins - University of Kentucky
G. Agakishiev - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
M. M. Aggarwal - Panjab University
Z. Ahammed - Cyclotron
N. N. Ajitanand - Stony Brook University
I. Alekseev - Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia
D. M. Anderson - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
R. Aoyama - University of Tsukuba
A. Aparin - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
D. Arkhipkin - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
E. C. Aschenauer - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
M. U. Ashraf - University of Tsukuba
A. Attri - Panjab University
G. S. Averichev - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
X. Bai - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
V. Bairathi - Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India
A. Behera - Stony Brook University
R. Bellwied - University of Houston
A. Bhasin - University of Jammu
A. K. Bhati - Panjab University
P. Bhattarai - Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
J. Bielcik - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
J. Bielcikova - Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Prague 25068, Czech Republic
L. C. Bland - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
I. G. Bordyuzhin - Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia
J. Bouchet - Kent State University
J. D. Brandenburg - Rice University
A. V. Brandin - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
D. Brown - Lehigh University
I. Bunzarov - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
J. Butterworth - Rice University
H. Caines - University of New Haven
M. Calderon De la Barca Sanchez - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
J. M. Campbell - The Ohio State University
D. Cebra - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
I. Chakaberia - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
P. Chaloupka - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
Z. Chang - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
N. Chankova-Bunzarova - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
A. Chatterjee - Cyclotron
S. Chattopadhyay - Cyclotron
X. Chen - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
J. H. Chen - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
X. Chen - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China
J. Cheng - Tsinghua University
M. Cherney - Creighton University
W. Christie - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
G. Contin - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
H. J. Crawford - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
S. Das - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
L. C. De Silva - Creighton University
R. R. Debbe - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
T. G. Dedovich - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
J. Deng - University of Jinan
A. A. Derevschikov - Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia
L. Didenko - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
C. Dilks - Pennsylvania State University
X. Dong - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
J. L. Drachenberg - Lamar University
J. E. Draper - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
L. E. Dunkelberger - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
J. C. Dunlop - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
L. G. Efimov - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
N. Elsey - Wayne State University
J. Engelage - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
G. Eppley - Rice University
R. Esha - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
S. Esumi - University of Tsukuba
O. Evdokimov - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
J. Ewigleben - Lehigh University
O. Eyser - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
R. Fatemi - University of Kentucky
S. Fazio - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
P. Federic - Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Prague 25068, Czech Republic
P. Federicova - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
J. Fedorisin - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
Z. Feng - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
P. Filip - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
E. Finch - Southern Connecticut State University
Y. Fisyak - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
C. E. Flores - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
L. Fulek - AGH Univ Sci & Technol, FPACS, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland
C. A. Gagliardi - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
D. Garand - Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
F. Geurts - Rice University
A. Gibson - Valparaiso University
M. Girard - Warsaw University of Technology
D. Grosnick - Valparaiso University
D. S. Gunarathne - Temple University
Y. Guo - Kent State University
A. Gupta - University of Jammu
S. Gupta - University of Jammu
W. Guryn - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
A. I. Hamad - Kent State University
A. Hamed - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
A. Harlenderova - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
J. W. Harris - University of New Haven
L. He - Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
S. Heppelmann - Pennsylvania State University
S. Heppelmann - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
A. Hirsch - Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
G. W. Hoffmann - Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
S. Horvat - University of New Haven
T. Huang - Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
B. Huang - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
X. Huang - Tsinghua University
H. Z. Huang - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
T. J. Humanic - The Ohio State University
P. Huo - Stony Brook University
G. Igo - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
W. W. Jacobs - Indiana University Bloomington
A. Jentsch - Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
J. Jia - Stony Brook University
K. Jiang - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
S. Jowzaee - Wayne State University
E. G. Judd - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
S. Kabana - Kent State University
D. Kalinkin - Indiana University Bloomington
K. Kang - Tsinghua University
K. Kauder - Wayne State University
H. W. Ke - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
D. Keane - Kent State University
A. Kechechyan - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
Z. Khan - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
D. P. Kikola - Warsaw University of Technology
I. Kisel - FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
A. Kisiel - Warsaw University of Technology
L. Kochenda - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
M. Kocmanek - Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Prague 25068, Czech Republic
T. Kollegger - FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
L. K. Kosarzewski - Warsaw University of Technology
A. F. Kraishan - Temple University
P. Kravtsov - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
K. Krueger - Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
N. Kulathunga - University of Houston
L. Kumar - Panjab University
J. Kvapil - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
J. H. Kwasizur - Indiana University Bloomington
R. Lacey - Stony Brook University
J. M. Landgraf - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
K. D. Landry - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
J. Lauret - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
A. Lebedev - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
R. Lednicky - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
J. H. Lee - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
X. Li - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
C. Li - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
W. Li - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
Y. Li - Tsinghua University
J. Lidrych - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
T. Lin - Indiana University Bloomington
M. A. Lisa - The Ohio State University
H. Liu - Indiana University Bloomington
P. Liu - Stony Brook University
Y. Liu - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
F. Liu - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
T. Ljubicic - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
W. J. Llope - Wayne State University
M. Lomnitz - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
R. S. Longacre - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
S. Luo - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
X. Luo - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
G. L. Ma - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
L. Ma - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
Y. G. Ma - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
R. Ma - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
N. Magdy - Stony Brook University
R. Majka - University of New Haven
D. Mallick - Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India
S. Margetis - Kent State University
C. Markert - Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
H. S. Matis - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
K. Meehan - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
J. C. Mei - University of Jinan
Z. W. Miller - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
N. G. Minaev - Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia
S. Mioduszewski - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
D. Mishra - Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India
S. Mizuno - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
B. Mohanty - Natl Inst Sci Educ & Res, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India
M. M. Mondal - Inst Phys, Bhubaneswar 751005, Orissa, India
D. A. Morozov - Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia
M. K. Mustafa - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
Md Nasim - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
T. K. Nayak - Cyclotron
J. M. Nelson - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
M. Nie - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
G. Nigmatkulov - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
T. Niida - Wayne State University
L. V. Nogach - Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia
T. Nonaka - University of Tsukuba
S. B. Nurushev - Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia
G. Odyniec - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
A. Ogawa - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
K. Oh - Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 46241, South Korea
V. A. Okorokov - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
D. Olvitt Jr - Temple University
B. S. Page - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
R. Pak - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
Y. Pandit - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Y. Panebratsev - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
B. Pawlik - PAN, Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
H. Pei - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
C. Perkins - Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
P. Pile - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
J. Pluta - Warsaw University of Technology
K. Poniatowska - Warsaw University of Technology
J. Porter - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
M. Posik - Temple University
A. M. Poskanzer - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
N. K. Pruthi - Panjab University
M. Przybycien - AGH Univ Sci & Technol, FPACS, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland
J. Putschke - Wayne State University
H. Qiu - Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
A. Quintero - Temple University
S. Ramachandran - University of Kentucky
R. L. Ray - Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
R. Reed - Lehigh University
M. J. Rehbein - Creighton University
H. G. Ritter - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
J. B. Roberts - Rice University
O. V. Rogachevskiy - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
J. L. Romero - Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
J. D. Roth - Creighton University
L. Ruan - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
J. Rusnak - Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Prague 25068, Czech Republic
O. Rusnakova - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
N. R. Sahoo - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
P. K. Sahu
S. Salur - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
J. Sandweiss - University of New Haven
M. Saur - Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Prague 25068, Czech Republic
J. Schambach - Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
A. M. Schmah - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
W. B. Schmidke - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
N. Schmitz - Max
B. R. Schweid - Stony Brook University
J. Seger - Creighton University
M. Sergeeva - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
P. Seyboth - Max
N. Shah - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
E. Shahaliev - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
P. V. Shanmuganathan - Lehigh University
M. Shao - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
A. Sharma - University of Jammu
M. K. Sharma - University of Jammu
W. Q. Shen - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
Z. Shi - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
S. S. Shi - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
Q. Y. Shou - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
E. P. Sichtermann - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
R. Sikora - AGH Univ Sci & Technol, FPACS, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland
M. Simko - Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Prague 25068, Czech Republic
S. Singha - Kent State University
M. J. Skoby - Indiana University Bloomington
N. Smirnov - University of New Haven
D. Smirnov - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
W. Solyst - Indiana University Bloomington
L. Song - University of Houston
P. Sorensen - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
H. M. Spinka - Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
B. Srivastava - Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
T. D. S. Stanislaus - Valparaiso Univ, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA
M. Strikhanov - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
B. Stringfellow - Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
T. Sugiura - University of Tsukuba
M. Sumbera - Nucl Phys Inst AS CR, Prague 25068, Czech Republic
B. Summa - Pennsylvania State University
Y. Sun - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
X. M. Sun - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
X. Sun - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
B. Surrow - Temple University
D. N. Svirida - Alikhanov Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117218, Russia
A. H. Tang - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
Z. Tang - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
A. Taranenko - Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
T. Tarnowsky - Michigan State University
A. Tawfik - World Lab Cosmol & Particle Phys WLCAPP, Cairo 11571, Egypt
J. Thader - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
J. H. Thomas - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
A. R. Timmins - University of Houston
D. Tlusty - Rice University
T. Todoroki - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
M. Tokarev - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
S. Trentalange - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
R. E. Tribble - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
P. Tribedy - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
S. K. Tripathy
B. A. Trzeciak - Czech Tech Univ, FNSPE, Prague 11519, Czech Republic
O. D. Tsai - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
T. Ullrich - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
D. G. Underwood - Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
I. Upsal - The Ohio State University
G. Van Buren - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
G. Van Nieuwenhuizen - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
A. N. Vasiliev - Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142281, Russia
F. Videbaek - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
S. Vokal - Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia
S. A. Voloshin - Wayne State University
A. Vossen - Indiana University Bloomington
G. Wang - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
Y. Wang - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
F. Wang - Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
Y. Wang - Tsinghua University
J. C. Webb - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
G. Webb - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
L. Wen - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
G. D. Westfall - Michigan State University
H. Wieman - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
S. W. Wissink - Indiana University Bloomington
R. Witt - US Naval Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA
Y. Wu - Kent State University
Z. G. Xiao - Tsinghua University
W. Xie - Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
G. Xie - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
J. Xu - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
N. Xu - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
Q. H. Xu - University of Jinan
Y. F. Xu - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
Z. Xu - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
Y. Yang - Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
Q. Yang - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
C. Yang - University of Jinan
S. Yang - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
Z. Ye - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Z. Ye - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
L. Yi - University of New Haven
K. Yip - Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA
I-K. Yoo - Pusan Natl Univ, Pusan 46241, South Korea
N. Yu - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
H. Zbroszczyk - Warsaw University of Technology
W. Zha - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
Z. Zhang - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
X. P. Zhang - Tsinghua University
J. B. Zhang - Cent China Normal Univ, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, Peoples R China
S. Zhang - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
J. Zhang - Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, Peoples R China
Y. Zhang - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
J. Zhang - Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
S. Zhang - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
J. Zhao - Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
C. Zhong - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
L. Zhou - Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China
C. Zhou - Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Appl Phys, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China
X. Zhu - Tsinghua University
Z. Zhu - University of Jinan
M. Zyzak - FIAS, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
STAR Collaboration
Publication Details: Nature (London), Vol.548(7665), pp.62-65
Publisher: NATURE PORTFOLIO
Number of pages: 5
Grant note: Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of Croatia; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, Republic of Croatia Ministry of Science and Technology of China; Ministry of Science and Technology, China RHIC Operations Group Department of Science and Technology of the Government of India; Department of Science & Technology (India) 1613939 / Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien; Division Of Physics; National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF - Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences (MPS) NERSC Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory National Natural Science Foundation of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) RosAtom of Russia US National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF) Chinese Academy of Science; Chinese Academy of Sciences RCF at Brookhaven National Laboratory Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation; Ministry of Education and Science, Russian Federation GA of the Czech Republic Department of Atomic Energy; Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) Office of Nuclear Physics within the US Department of Energy Office of Science; United States Department of Energy (DOE) National Research Foundation National Research Foundation of Korea National Science Centre of Poland; National Science Centre, Poland Open Science Grid consortium 1614835; 1307188 / Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien; Division Of Physics; National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF - Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences (MPS) MSMT of the Czech Republic; Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic Chinese Ministry of Education; Ministry of Education, China
Identifiers: 9917438108331
Academic Unit: Jazan University; King Abdullah University of Science & Technology
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article