Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Kevin S. Ikuta; Lucien R. Swetschinski; Gisela Robles Aguilar; Fablina Sharara; Tomislav Mestrovic; Authia P. Gray; Nicole Davis Weaver; Eve E. Wool; Chieh Han; Anna Gershberg Hayoon; Amirali Aali; Semagn Mekonnen Abate; Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari; Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari; Sherief Abd-Elsalam; Getachew Abebe; Aidin Abedi; Amir Parsa Abhari; Hassan Abidi; Richard Gyan Aboagye; Abdorrahim Absalan; Hiwa Abubaker Ali; Juan Manuel Acuna; Tigist Demssew Adane; Isaac Yeboah Addo; Oyelola A. Adegboye; Mohammad Adnan; Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani; Muhammad Sohail Afzal; Saira Afzal; Zahra Babaei Aghdam; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Aqeel Ahmad; Araz Ramazan Ahmad; Rizwan Ahmad; Sajjad Ahmad; Sohail Ahmad; Sepideh Ahmadi; Ali Ahmed; Haroon Ahmed; Jivan Qasim Ahmed; Tarik Ahmed Rashid; Marjan Ajami; Budi Aji; Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi; Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna; Hanadi Al Hamad; Fares Alahdab; Ziyad Al-Aly; Mamoon A. Aldeyab; Alicia Aleman; Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa; Robert Kaba Alhassan; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Liaqat Ali; Syed Shujait Ali; Yousef Alimohamadi; Vahid Alipour; Atiyeh Alizadeh; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Kasim Allel; Sami Almustanyir; Edward Kwabena Ameyaw; Arianna Maever L. Amit; Nivedita Anandavelane; Robert Ancuceanu; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Tudorel Andrei; Dewi Anggraini; Adnan Ansar; Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor; Jalal Arabloo; Aleksandr Y. Aravkin; Demelash Areda; Timur Aripov; Anton A. Artamonov; Judie Arulappan; Raphael Taiwo Aruleba; Muhammad Asaduzzaman; Tahira Ashraf; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Daniel Atlaw; Sameh Attia; Marcel Ausloos; Tewachew Awoke; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Tegegn Mulatu Ayana; Sina Azadnajafabad; Amirhossein Azari Jafari; B. B. Darshan; Muhammad Badar; Ashish D. Badiye; Nayereh Baghcheghi; Sara Bagherieh; Atif Amin Baig; Indrajit Banerjee; Aleksandra Barac; Mainak Bardhan; Francesco Barone-Adesi; Hiba Jawdat Barqawi; Amadou Barrow; Pritish Baskaran; Saurav Basu; Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha; Neeraj Bedi; Melaku Ashagrie Belete; Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi; Rose G. Bender; Bharti Bhandari; Dinesh Bhandari; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Sonu Bhaskar; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Suraj Bhattarai; Saeid Bitaraf; Danilo Buonsenso; Zahid A. Butt; Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos; Jiao Cai; Daniela Calina; Paulo Camargos; Luis Alberto Camera; Rosario Cardenas; Muge Cevik; Joshua Chadwick; Jaykaran Charan; Akhilanand Chaurasia; Patrick R. Ching; Sonali Gajanan Choudhari; Enayet Karim Chowdhury; Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury; Dinh-Toi Chu; Isaac Sunday Chukwu; Omid Dadras; Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw; Xiaochen Dai; Saswati Das; Anna Dastiridou; Sisay Abebe Debela; Fitsum Wolde Demisse; Solomon Demissie; Diriba Dereje; Msganaw Derese; Hardik Dineshbhai Desai; Fikadu Nugusu Dessalegn; Samuel Abebe A. Dessalegni; Belay Desye; Kartik Dhaduk; Meghnath Dhimal; Sameer Dhingra; Nancy Diao; Daniel Diaz; Shirin Djalalinia; Milad Dodangeh; Deepa Dongarwar; Bezabih Terefe Dora; Fariba Dorostkar; Haneil Larson Dsouza; Eleonora Dubljanin; Susanna J. Dunachie; Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye; Hisham Atan Edinur; Habtamu Bekele Ejigu; Michael Ekholuenetale; Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo; Hassan El-Abid; Muhammed Elhadi; Mohamed A. Elmonem; Amir Emami; Luchuo Engelbert Bain; Daniel Berhanie Enyew; Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar; Babak Eshrati; Farshid Etaee; Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe; Shahab Falahi; Aida Fallahzadeh; Emerito Jose A. Faraon; Ali Fatehizadeh; Ginenus Fekadu; Joao C. Fernandes; Allegra Ferrari; Getahun Fetensa; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Masoud Foroutan; Peter Andras Gaal; Muktar A. Gadanya; Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane; Balasankar Ganesan; Mesfin Gebrehiwot; Reza Ghanbari; Mohammad Ghasemi Nour; Ahmad Ghashghaee; Ali Gholamrezanezhad; Abdolmajid Gholizadeh; Mahaveer Golechha; Pouya Goleij; Davide Golinelli; Amador Goodridge; Damitha Asanga Gunawardane; Yuming Guo; Rajat Das Gupta; Sapna Gupta; Veer Bala Gupta; Vivek Kumar Gupta; Alemu Guta; Parham Habibzadeh; Atlas Haddadi Avval; Rabih Halwani; Asif Hanif; Md Abdul Hannan; Harapan Harapan; Shoaib Hassan; Hadi Hassankhani; Khezar Hayat; Behzad Heibati; Golnaz Heidari; Mohammad Heidari; Reza Heidari-Soureshjani; Claudiu Herteliu; Demisu Zenbaba Heyi; Kamal Hezam; Praveen Hoogar; Nobuyuki Horita; Md Mahbub Hossain; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh; Junjie Huang; Salman Hussain; Nawfal R. Hussein; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Mohammad Tarique Imam; Mustapha Immurana; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Arnaud Iradukunda; Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail; Chidozie C. D. Iwu; Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Linda J. Merin; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Elham Jamshidi; Tahereh Javaheri; Fatemeh Javanmardi; Javad Javidnia; Sathish Kumar Jayapal; Umesh Jayarajah; Rime Jebai; Ravi Prakash Jha; Tamas Joo; Nitin Joseph; Farahnaz Joukar; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi; Vidya Kadashetti; Laleh R. Kalankesh; Rohollah Kalhor; Vineet Kumar Kamal; Himal Kandel; Neeti Kapoor; Samad Karkhah; Bekalu Getnet Kassa; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Patrick Dmc Katoto; Mohammad Keykhaei; Himanshu Khajuria; Abbas Khan; Imteyaz A. Khan; Maseer Khan; Md Nuruzzaman Khan; Moien A. B. Khan; Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh; Mona M. Khater; Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani; Jagdish Khubchandani; Hanna Kim; Min Seo Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Niranjan Kissoon; Sonali Kochhar; Farzad Kompani; Soewarta Kosen; Parvaiz A. Koul; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana; Fiorella Krapp Lopez; Kewal Krishan; Vijay Krishnamoorthy; Vishnutheertha Kulkarni; Naveen Kumar; Om P. Kurmi; Ambily Kuttikkattu; Hmwe Hmwe Kyu; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Judit Lam; Ivan Landires; Savita Lasrado; Sang-woong Lee; Jacopo Lenzi; Sonia Lewycka; Shanshan Li; Stephen S. Lim; Wei Liu; Rakesh Lodha; Michael J. Loftus; Ayush Lohiya; Laszlo Lorenzovici; Mojgan Lotfi; Ata Mahmoodpoor; Mansour Adam Mahmoud; Razzagh Mahmoudi; Azeem Majeed; Jamal Majidpoor; Alaa Makki; Galana Ayana Mamo; Yosef Manla; Miquel Martorell; Clara N. Matei; Barney McManigal; Entezar Mehrabi Nasab; Ravi Mehrotra; Addisu Melese; Oliver Mendoza-Cano; Ritesh G. Menezes; Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis; Georgia Micha; Irmina Maria Michalek; Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sa; Neda Milevska Kostova; Shabir Ahmad Mir; Mojgan Mirghafourvand; Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari; Abay Sisay Misganaw; Awoke Misganaw; Sanjeev Misra; Esmaeil Mohammadi; Mokhtar Mohammadi; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Shafiu Mohammed; Syam Mohan; Mohammad Mohseni; Ali H. Mokdad; Sara Momtazmanesh; Lorenzo Monasta; Catrin E. Moore; Maryam Moradi; Mostafa Moradi Sarabi; Shane Douglas Morrison; Majid Motaghinejad; Haleh Mousavi Isfahani; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah; Seyed Ali Mousavi-Aghdas; Sumaira Mubarik; Francesk Mulita; Getaneh Baye B. Mulu; Sandra B. Munro; Saravanan Muthupandian; Tapas Sadasivan Nair; Atta Abbas Naqvi; Himanshi Narang; Zuhair S. Natto; Muhammad Naveed; Biswa Prakash Nayak; Shumaila Naz; Ionut Negoi; Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi; Sandhya Neupane Kandel; Che Henry Ngwa; Robina Khan Niazi; Antonio Tolentino Nogueira de Sa; Nafise Noroozi; Hasti Nouraei; Ali Nowroozi; Virginia Nunez-Samudio; Jerry John Nutor; Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam; Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam; Bogdan Oancea; Rahman Md Obaidur; Vivek Anand Ojha; Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle; Osaretin Christabel Okonji; Andrew T. Olagunju; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Ahmed Omar Bali; Emad Omer; Nikita Otstavnov; Bilcha Oumer; P. A. Mahesh; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Keyvan Pakshir; Tamas Palicz; Adrian Pana; Shahina Pardhan; Jose L. Paredes; Utsav Parekh; Eun-Cheol Park; Seoyeon Park; Ashish Pathak; Rajan Paudel; Uttam Paudel; Shrikant Pawar; Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi; Minjin Peng; Umberto Pensato; Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito; Marcos Pereira; Mario F. P. Peres; Norberto Perico; Ionela-Roxana Petcu; Zahra Zahid Piracha; Indrashis Podder; Nayanum Pokhrel; Ramesh Poluru; Maarten J. Postma; Naeimeh Pourtaheri; Akila Prashant; Ibrahim Qattea; Mohammad Rabiee; Navid Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Saber Raeghi; Sima Rafiei; Pankaja Raghav Raghav; Leila Rahbarnia; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Mosiur Rahman; Muhammad Aziz Rahman; Amir Masoud Rahmani; Vahid Rahmanian; Pradhum Ram; Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Ranjha; Sowmya J. Rao; Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi; Azad Rasul; Zubair Ahmed Ratan; Salman Rawaf; Reza Rawassizadeh; Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia; Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan; Misganu Teshoma Regasa; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Melese Abate Reta; Nazila Rezaei; Aziz Rezapour; Abanoub Riad; Rezaul Karim Ripon; Kristina E. Rudd; Basema Saddik; Saeid Sadeghian; Umar Saeed; Mohsen Safaei; Azam Safary; Sher Zaman Safi; Maryam Sahebazzamani; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Harihar Sahoo; Saina Salahi; Sarvenaz Salahi; Hedayat Salari; Sana Salehi; Hossein Samadi Kafil; Abdallah M. Samy; Nima Sanadgol; Senthilkumar Sankararaman; Francesco Sanmarchi; Brijesh Sathian; Monika Sawhney; Ganesh Kumar Saya; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Allen Seylani; Pritik A. Shah; Masood Ali Shaikh; Elaheh Shaker; Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov; Mequannent Melaku Sharew; Athena Sharifi-Razavi; Purva Sharma; Rahim Ali Sheikhi; Ali Sheikhy; Pavanchand H. Shetty; Mika Shigematsu; Jae Il Shin; Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski; K. M. Shivakumar; Parnian Shobeiri; Seyed Afshin Shorofi; Sunil Shrestha; Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat; Negussie Boti Sidemo; Mustafa Kamal Sikder; Luis Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva; Jasvinder A. Singh; Paramdeep Singh; Surjit Singh; Md Shahjahan Siraj; Samarjeet Singh Siwal; Valentin Yurievich Skryabin; Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina; Bogdan Socea; Damtew Damtew Solomon; Yimeng Song; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Muhammad Suleman; Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader; Saima Sultana; Miklos Szocska; Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh; Mohammad Tabish; Majid Taheri; Elahe Taki; Ker-Kan Tan; Sarmila Tandukar; Nathan Y. Tat; Vivian Y. Tat; Belay Negash Tefera; Yibekal Manaye Tefera; Gebremaryam Temesgen; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Samar Tharwat; Arulmani Thiyagarajan; Imad I. Tleyjeh; Christopher E. Troeger; Krishna Kishore Umapathi; Era Upadhyay; Sahel Valadan Tahbaz; Pascual R. Valdez; Jef Van den Eynde; H. Rogier van Doorn; Siavash Vaziri; Georgios-Ioannis Verras; Harimadhav Viswanathan; Bay Vo; Abdul Waris; Gizachew Tadesse Wassie; Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe; Sajad Yaghoubi; Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya Yahya; Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari; Arzu Yigit; Vahit Yigit; Dong Keon Yon; Naohiro Yonemoto; Mazyar Zahir; Burhan Abdullah Zaman; Sojib Bin Zaman; Moein Zangiabadian; Iman Zare; Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Peng Zheng; Chenwen Zhong; Mohammad Zoladl; Alimuddin Zumla; Simon Hay; Christiane Dolecek; Benn Sartorius; Christopher J. L. Murray; Mohsen Naghavi; GBD 2019 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02185-7

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Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Journal article

Open access

Peer reviewed

Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Kevin S. Ikuta, Lucien R. Swetschinski, Gisela Robles Aguilar, Fablina Sharara, Tomislav Mestrovic, Authia P. Gray, Nicole Davis Weaver, Eve E. Wool, Chieh Han, Anna Gershberg Hayoon, …

The Lancet (British edition), Vol.400(10369), pp.2221-2248

17/12/2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02185-7

PMID: 36423648

Abstract

General & Internal Medicine

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Medicine, General & Internal

Science & Technology

Background Reducing the burden of death due to infection is an urgent global public health priority. Previous studies have estimated the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant infections and sepsis and found that infections remain a leading cause of death globally. Understanding the global burden of common bacterial pathogens (both susceptible and resistant to antimicrobials) is essential to identify the greatest threats to public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to present global comprehensive estimates of deaths associated with 33 bacterial pathogens across 11 major infectious syndromes. Methods We estimated deaths associated with 33 bacterial genera or species across 11 infectious syndromes in 2019 using methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, in addition to a subset of the input data described in the Global Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance 2019 study. This study included 343 million individual records or isolates covering 11 361 study-location-years. We used three modelling steps to estimate the number of deaths associated with each pathogen: deaths in which infection had a role, the fraction of deaths due to infection that are attributable to a given infectious syndrome, and the fraction of deaths due to an infectious syndrome that are attributable to a given pathogen. Estimates were produced for all ages and for males and females across 204 countries and territories in 2019. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for final estimates of deaths and infections associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens following standard GBD methods by taking the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles across 1000 posterior draws for each quantity of interest. Findings From an estimated 13.7 million (95% UI 10.9-17.1) infection-related deaths in 2019, there were 7.7 million deaths (5.7-10.2) associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens (both resistant and susceptible to antimicrobials) across the 11 infectious syndromes estimated in this study. We estimated deaths associated with the 33 bacterial pathogens to comprise 13.6% (10.2-18.1) of all global deaths and 56.2% (52.1-60.1) of all sepsis-related deaths in 2019. Five leading pathogens-Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa-were responsible for 54.9% (52.9-56.9) of deaths among the investigated bacteria. The deadliest infectious syndromes and pathogens varied by location and age. The age-standardised mortality rate associated with these bacterial pathogens was highest in the sub-Saharan Africa super-region, with 230 deaths (185-285) per 100 000 population, and lowest in the high-income super-region, with 52.2 deaths (37.4-71.5) per 100 000 population. S aureus was the leading bacterial cause of death in 135 countries and was also associated with the most deaths in individuals older than 15 years, globally. Among children younger than 5 years, S pneumoniae was the pathogen associated with the most deaths. In 2019, more than 6 million deaths occurred as a result of three bacterial infectious syndromes, with lower respiratory infections and bloodstream infections each causing more than 2 million deaths and peritoneal and intra-abdominal infections causing more than 1 million deaths. Interpretation The 33 bacterial pathogens that we investigated in this study are a substantial source of health loss globally, with considerable variation in their distribution across infectious syndromes and locations. Compared with GBD Level 3 underlying causes of death, deaths associated with these bacteria would rank as the second leading cause of death globally in 2019; hence, they should be considered an urgent priority for intervention within the global health community. Strategies to address the burden of bacterial infections include infection prevention, optimised use of antibiotics, improved capacity for microbiological analysis, vaccine development, and improved and more pervasive use of available vaccines. These estimates can be used to help set priorities for vaccine need, demand, and development. Copyright (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

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Title: Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Creators - without role: Kevin S. Ikuta - Vet Affairs Greater Los Angeles, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA USA
Lucien R. Swetschinski - University of Washington
Gisela Robles Aguilar - University of Oxford
Fablina Sharara
Tomislav Mestrovic - University of Washington
Authia P. Gray - University of Washington
Nicole Davis Weaver - University of Washington
Eve E. Wool - University of Washington
Chieh Han - University of Washington
Anna Gershberg Hayoon - University of Washington
Amirali Aali - College Station Medical Center
Semagn Mekonnen Abate - Dilla University
Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari - University of Tehran
Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari - University of Tehran
Sherief Abd-Elsalam - Tanta University
Getachew Abebe - Arba Minch University
Aidin Abedi - Univ Southern Calif, Dept Neurosurg, Los Angeles, CA USA
Amir Parsa Abhari - Supreme Council Of Health
Hassan Abidi - College Station Medical Center
Richard Gyan Aboagye - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Family & Community Hlth, Hohoe, Ghana
Abdorrahim Absalan - College Station Medical Center
Hiwa Abubaker Ali - Univ Human Dev, Dept Banking & Finance, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Juan Manuel Acuna - Khalifa University of Science and Technology
Tigist Demssew Adane - University of Groningen
Isaac Yeboah Addo - UNSW, Ctr Social Res Hlth, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Oyelola A. Adegboye - James Cook University
Mohammad Adnan - Indiana University
Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani - College Station Medical Center
Muhammad Sohail Afzal - Univ Management & Technol, Dept Life Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
Saira Afzal - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Zahra Babaei Aghdam - College Station Medical Center
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah - University of Technology Sydney
Aqeel Ahmad - Shaqra University
Araz Ramazan Ahmad - Int Relat & Diplomacy, Coll Nursing, Ranya, Iraq
Rizwan Ahmad - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Sajjad Ahmad - Abasyn University
Sohail Ahmad - Mahsa University
Sepideh Ahmadi - Shahid Beheshti University
Ali Ahmed - Monash University
Haroon Ahmed - COMSATS Inst Informat Technol, Dept Biosci, Islamabad, Pakistan
Jivan Qasim Ahmed - University of Duhok
Tarik Ahmed Rashid - University of Kurdistan Hewler
Marjan Ajami - Natl Inst Nutr, Dept Food & Nutr Policy & Planning Res, Tehran, Iran
Budi Aji - Jenderal Soedirman University
Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi - College Station Medical Center
Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna - Intercountry Ctr Oral Hlth Africa, Dept Publ Hlth, Jos, Nigeria
Hanadi Al Hamad - College Station Medical Center
Fares Alahdab - Evidence
Ziyad Al-Aly - College Station Medical Center
Mamoon A. Aldeyab - University of Huddersfield
Alicia Aleman - College Station Medical Center
Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa - Philadelphia Univ, Fac Nursing, Amman, Jordan
Robert Kaba Alhassan - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Inst Hlth Res, Ho, Ghana
Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali - Erbil Polytech Univ, Erbil Tech Hlth Coll, Erbil, Iraq
Liaqat Ali - College Station Medical Center
Syed Shujait Ali - University of Swat
Yousef Alimohamadi - University of Tehran
Vahid Alipour - College Station Medical Center
Atiyeh Alizadeh - University of Tehran
Syed Mohamed Aljunid - Kuwait University
Kasim Allel - Supreme Council Of Health
Sami Almustanyir - Alfaisal University
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw - Lingnan University
Arianna Maever L. Amit - Supreme Council Of Health
Nivedita Anandavelane - College Station Medical Center
Robert Ancuceanu - College Station Medical Center
Catalina Liliana Andrei - College Station Medical Center
Tudorel Andrei - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Dewi Anggraini - Univ Riau, Dept Clin Microbiol, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Adnan Ansar - La Trobe University
Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor - Charles Sturt University
Jalal Arabloo - College Station Medical Center
Aleksandr Y. Aravkin - University of Washington
Demelash Areda - Ottawa University
Timur Aripov - College Station Medical Center
Anton A. Artamonov - Russian Acad Sci, Dept Biophys, Moscow, Russia
Judie Arulappan - Sultan Qaboos University
Raphael Taiwo Aruleba - University of Cape Town
Muhammad Asaduzzaman - University of Oslo
Tahira Ashraf - University of Lahore
Seyyed Shamsadin Athari - College Station Medical Center
Daniel Atlaw - Madda Walabu University
Sameh Attia - University of Giessen
Marcel Ausloos - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Tewachew Awoke - Bahir Dar University
Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla - La Trobe University
Tegegn Mulatu Ayana - Arba Minch University
Sina Azadnajafabad - University of Tehran
Amirhossein Azari Jafari - Supreme Council Of Health
B. B. Darshan - College Station Medical Center
Muhammad Badar - Gomal University
Ashish D. Badiye - Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Nayereh Baghcheghi - College Station Medical Center
Sara Bagherieh - Supreme Council Of Health
Atif Amin Baig - Univ Sultan Zainal Abidin, Unit Biochem, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Indrajit Banerjee - College Station Medical Center
Aleksandra Barac - Clin Ctr Serbia, Clin Infect & Trop Dis, Belgrade, Serbia
Mainak Bardhan - Enter
Francesco Barone-Adesi - College Station Medical Center
Hiba Jawdat Barqawi - University of Sharjah
Amadou Barrow - University of the Gambia
Pritish Baskaran - College Station Medical Center
Saurav Basu - Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Acad, Gurgaon, India
Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha - Philadelphia Univ, Fac Nursing, Amman, Jordan
Neeraj Bedi - Supreme Council Of Health
Melaku Ashagrie Belete - Wollo University
Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi - College Station Medical Center
Rose G. Bender - University of Washington
Bharti Bhandari - College Station Medical Center
Dinesh Bhandari - University of Adelaide
Pankaj Bhardwaj - College Station Medical Center
Sonu Bhaskar - NSW Brain Clot Bank, Global Hlth Neurol Lab, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Krittika Bhattacharyya - Natl Inst Biomed Genom, Dept Stat & Computat Genom, Kalyani, W Bengal, India
Suraj Bhattarai - Supreme Council Of Health
Saeid Bitaraf - Biostat
Danilo Buonsenso - Agostino Gemelli Univ Polyclin IRCCS, Dept Woman & Child Hlth & Publ Hlth, Fdn Policlin Univ Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Zahid A. Butt - University of Waterloo
Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos - Supreme Council Of Health
Jiao Cai - Chongqing University
Daniela Calina - College Station Medical Center
Paulo Camargos - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Pediat, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Luis Alberto Camera - College Station Medical Center
Rosario Cardenas - Metropolitan Autonomous Univ, Dept Hlth Care, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Muge Cevik - University of St Andrews
Joshua Chadwick - Supreme Council Of Health
Jaykaran Charan - College Station Medical Center
Akhilanand Chaurasia - College Station Medical Center
Patrick R. Ching - Washington Univ St Louis, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO USA
Sonali Gajanan Choudhari - College Station Medical Center
Enayet Karim Chowdhury - Curtin University
Fazle Rabbi Chowdhury - College Station Medical Center
Dinh-Toi Chu - Supreme Council Of Health
Isaac Sunday Chukwu - Fed Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Umuahia, Nigeria
Omid Dadras - Western Norway Univ Appl Sci, Sect Global Hlth & Rehabil, Bergen, Norway
Fentaw Teshome Dagnaw - Debre Tabor University
Xiaochen Dai - University of Washington
Saswati Das - Minist Hlth & Welf, Dept Biochem, New Delhi, India
Anna Dastiridou - Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Sisay Abebe Debela - Supreme Council Of Health
Fitsum Wolde Demisse - Arba Minch University
Solomon Demissie - Arba Minch University
Diriba Dereje - Jimma University
Msganaw Derese - Mizan Tepi University
Hardik Dineshbhai Desai - College Station Medical Center
Fikadu Nugusu Dessalegn - Madda Walabu University
Samuel Abebe A. Dessalegni - Arba Minch University
Belay Desye - Adigrat University
Kartik Dhaduk - College Station Medical Center
Meghnath Dhimal - Nepal Hlth Res Council, Hlth Res Sect, Kathmandu, Nepal
Sameer Dhingra - Natl Inst Pharmaceut Educ & Res, Dept Pharm Practice, Hajipur, India
Nancy Diao - Harvard University
Daniel Diaz - Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Complex Sci, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Shirin Djalalinia - College Station Medical Center
Milad Dodangeh - Supreme Council Of Health
Deepa Dongarwar - Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Houston, TX 77030 USA
Bezabih Terefe Dora - Arba Minch University
Fariba Dorostkar - College Station Medical Center
Haneil Larson Dsouza - College Station Medical Center
Eleonora Dubljanin - University of Belgrade
Susanna J. Dunachie - University of Oxford
Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye - University of Sheffield
Hisham Atan Edinur - Supreme Council Of Health
Habtamu Bekele Ejigu - Haramaya University
Michael Ekholuenetale - University of St Andrews
Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo - College Station Medical Center
Hassan El-Abid - Minist Hlth, Directorate Epidemiol & Dis Control, Rabat, Morocco
Muhammed Elhadi - University of Tripoli
Mohamed A. Elmonem - College Station Medical Center
Amir Emami - Shiraz University
Luchuo Engelbert Bain - University of Lincoln
Daniel Berhanie Enyew - Haramaya University
Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar - College Station Medical Center
Babak Eshrati - College Station Medical Center
Farshid Etaee - Yale University
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe - University of St Andrews
Shahab Falahi - Ilam University
Aida Fallahzadeh - University of Tehran
Emerito Jose A. Faraon - University of the Philippines Manila
Ali Fatehizadeh - College Station Medical Center
Ginenus Fekadu - Chinese University of Hong Kong
Joao C. Fernandes - Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Allegra Ferrari - University of Genoa
Getahun Fetensa - Wollega University
Irina Filip - Kaiser Permanente
Florian Fischer - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Masoud Foroutan - College Station Medical Center
Peter Andras Gaal - Semmelweis University
Muktar A. Gadanya - College Station Medical Center
Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane - College Station Medical Center
Balasankar Ganesan - Supreme Council Of Health
Mesfin Gebrehiwot - Wollo University
Reza Ghanbari - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Ghasemi Nour - College Station Medical Center
Ahmad Ghashghaee - Supreme Council Of Health
Ali Gholamrezanezhad - Univ Southern Calif, Dept Radiol, Los Angeles, CA USA
Abdolmajid Gholizadeh - College Station Medical Center
Mahaveer Golechha - Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Syst & Policy Res, Gandhinagar, India
Pouya Goleij - Sana Inst Higher Educ, Dept Genet, Sari, Iran
Davide Golinelli - University of Bologna
Amador Goodridge - City of Knowledge
Damitha Asanga Gunawardane - University of Peradeniya
Yuming Guo - Monash University
Rajat Das Gupta - University of South Carolina
Sapna Gupta - BRAC University
Veer Bala Gupta - Deakin University
Vivek Kumar Gupta - Deakin University
Alemu Guta - Dire Dawa University
Parham Habibzadeh - Shiraz University
Atlas Haddadi Avval - Supreme Council Of Health
Rabih Halwani - University of Sharjah
Asif Hanif - University of Lahore
Md Abdul Hannan - Bangladesh Agr Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Harapan Harapan - College Station Medical Center
Shoaib Hassan - University of Bergen
Hadi Hassankhani - Supreme Council Of Health
Khezar Hayat - Univ Vet & Anim Sci, Inst Pharmaceut Sci, Lahore, Pakistan
Behzad Heibati - University of Oulu
Golnaz Heidari
Mohammad Heidari - Shahrekord University
Reza Heidari-Soureshjani - University of Tehran
Claudiu Herteliu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Demisu Zenbaba Heyi - Madda Walabu University
Kamal Hezam - Taiz University
Praveen Hoogar - BIO
Nobuyuki Horita - Yokohama City University
Md Mahbub Hossain - Nat Study Soc Bangladesh, Dept Social & Environm Hlth Res, Khulna, Bangladesh
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh - Gachon University
Mihaela Hostiuc - College Station Medical Center
Sorin Hostiuc - College Station Medical Center
Soodabeh Hoveidamanesh - Shahid Motahari Hosp, Burn Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Junjie Huang - Chinese University of Hong Kong
Salman Hussain - Masaryk University
Nawfal R. Hussein - University of Zakho
Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye - University of Ibadan
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi - University of Ibadan
Irena M. Ilic - University of Belgrade
Milena D. Ilic - University of Kragujevac
Mohammad Tarique Imam - Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University
Mustapha Immurana - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Inst Hlth Res, Ho, Ghana
Leeberk Raja Inbaraj - College Station Medical Center
Arnaud Iradukunda - College Station Medical Center
Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail - Mahsa University
Chidozie C. D. Iwu - University of Pretoria
Chinwe Juliana Iwu - College Station Medical Center
Linda J. Merin - Dr DY Patil Univ, Dept Orthodont & Dentofacial Orthoped, Pune, Maharashtra, India
Mihajlo Jakovljevic - Peter Great St Petersburg Polytech Univ, Inst Adv Mfg Technol, St Petersburg, Russia
Elham Jamshidi - Shahid Beheshti University
Tahereh Javaheri - Boston University
Fatemeh Javanmardi - Shiraz University
Javad Javidnia - College Station Medical Center
Sathish Kumar Jayapal - Minist Hlth, Ctr Studies & Res, Muscat, Oman
Umesh Jayarajah - University of Colombo
Rime Jebai - Florida Int Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Miami, FL 33199 USA
Ravi Prakash Jha - College Station Medical Center
Tamas Joo - Semmelweis University
Nitin Joseph - College Station Medical Center
Farahnaz Joukar - College Station Medical Center
Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak - College Station Medical Center
Salah Eddine Oussama Kacimi - College Station Medical Center
Vidya Kadashetti - College Station Medical Center
Laleh R. Kalankesh - College Station Medical Center
Rohollah Kalhor - College Station Medical Center
Vineet Kumar Kamal - Biostat
Himal Kandel - University of Sydney
Neeti Kapoor - Govt Inst Forens Sci, Dept Forens Sci, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Samad Karkhah - College Station Medical Center
Bekalu Getnet Kassa - Debre Tabor University
Nicholas J. Kassebaum - University of Washington
Patrick Dmc Katoto - Stellenbosch University
Mohammad Keykhaei - University of Tehran
Himanshu Khajuria - Amity Univ, Amity Inst Forens Sci, Noida, India
Abbas Khan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Imteyaz A. Khan - Rutgers State Univ, Dept Pediat, New Brunswick, NJ USA
Maseer Khan - Jazan University
Md Nuruzzaman Khan - United Arab Emirates University
Moien A. B. Khan - United Arab Emirates University
Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh - Yarmouk University
Mona M. Khater - Cairo University
Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani - Shahid Beheshti University
Jagdish Khubchandani - New Mexico State University
Hanna Kim - Ewha Womans University
Min Seo Kim - Samsung Adv Inst Hlth Sci & Technol, Dept Genom & Digital Hlth, Seoul, South Korea
Ruth W. Kimokoti - Simmons University
Niranjan Kissoon - University of British Columbia
Sonali Kochhar - University of Washington
Farzad Kompani - University of Tehran
Soewarta Kosen
Parvaiz A. Koul - College Station Medical Center
Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana - College Station Medical Center
Fiorella Krapp Lopez - Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Kewal Krishan - Panjab University
Vijay Krishnamoorthy - University of Washington
Vishnutheertha Kulkarni - College Station Medical Center
Naveen Kumar - Amity Univ Rajasthan, Amity Inst Biotechnol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Om P. Kurmi - Coventry University
Ambily Kuttikkattu - College Station Medical Center
Hmwe Hmwe Kyu - University of Washington
Dharmesh Kumar Lal - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Judit Lam - Semmelweis University
Ivan Landires - College Station Medical Center
Savita Lasrado - College Station Medical Center
Sang-woong Lee - Gachon University
Jacopo Lenzi - University of Bologna
Sonia Lewycka - University of Oxford
Shanshan Li - Monash University
Stephen S. Lim - University of Washington
Wei Liu - Chongqing University
Rakesh Lodha - College Station Medical Center
Michael J. Loftus - Monash University
Ayush Lohiya - Kalyan Singh Super Specialty Canc Inst, Dept Publ Hlth, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Laszlo Lorenzovici - Syreon Res Romania, Dept Hlth Econ, Targu Mures, Romania
Mojgan Lotfi - College Station Medical Center
Ata Mahmoodpoor - College Station Medical Center
Mansour Adam Mahmoud - Taibah University
Razzagh Mahmoudi - College Station Medical Center
Azeem Majeed - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Jamal Majidpoor - College Station Medical Center
Alaa Makki - University of Sharjah
Galana Ayana Mamo - Haramaya University
Yosef Manla - Cleveland Clin Abu Dhabi, Heart & Vasc Inst, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates
Miquel Martorell - University of Concepción
Clara N. Matei - College Station Medical Center
Barney McManigal - University of Oxford
Entezar Mehrabi Nasab - University of Tehran
Ravi Mehrotra - College Station Medical Center
Addisu Melese - Bahir Dar University
Oliver Mendoza-Cano - University of Colima
Ritesh G. Menezes - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis - BGI
Georgia Micha - Helena Venizelou Gen & Matern Hosp, Anaesthesiol Dept, Athens, Greece
Irmina Maria Michalek - Maria Sklodowska Curie Natl Res Inst Oncol, Polish Natl Canc Registry, Warsaw, Poland
Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sa - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Maternal & Child Nursing & Publ Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Neda Milevska Kostova - Inst Social Innovat, Skopje, North Macedonia
Shabir Ahmad Mir - Majmaah University
Mojgan Mirghafourvand - College Station Medical Center
Seyyedmohammadsadeq Mirmoeeni - Supreme Council Of Health
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari - College Station Medical Center
Abay Sisay Misganaw - Addis Ababa University
Awoke Misganaw - University of Washington
Sanjeev Misra - College Station Medical Center
Esmaeil Mohammadi - University of Tehran
Mokhtar Mohammadi - Lebanese French University
Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani - Shahrekord University
Shafiu Mohammed - Ahmadu Bello University
Syam Mohan - Jazan University
Mohammad Mohseni - College Station Medical Center
Ali H. Mokdad - University of Washington
Sara Momtazmanesh - University of Tehran
Lorenzo Monasta - Burlo Garofolo Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Clin Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Res Unit, Trieste, Italy
Catrin E. Moore - University of London
Maryam Moradi - College Station Medical Center
Mostafa Moradi Sarabi - Lorestan University
Shane Douglas Morrison - University of Washington
Majid Motaghinejad - Shahid Beheshti University
Haleh Mousavi Isfahani - College Station Medical Center
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah - Prof Waclaw Dabrowski Inst Agr & Food Biotechnol, Dept Fruit & Vegetable Prod Technol, Warsaw, Poland
Seyed Ali Mousavi-Aghdas - College Station Medical Center
Sumaira Mubarik - Wuhan University
Francesk Mulita - University of Thessaly
Getaneh Baye B. Mulu - Debre Berhan University
Sandra B. Munro - Invitae
Saravanan Muthupandian - Mekelle University
Tapas Sadasivan Nair - World Hlth Org, Hlth Workforce Dept, Geneva, Switzerland
Atta Abbas Naqvi - University of Reading
Himanshi Narang - College Station Medical Center
Zuhair S. Natto - Harvard University
Muhammad Naveed - Univ Cent Punjab, Dept Biotechnol, Lahore, Pakistan
Biswa Prakash Nayak - Amity Univ, Amity Inst Forens Sci, Noida, India
Shumaila Naz - College Station Medical Center
Ionut Negoi - College Station Medical Center
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi - Shahid Beheshti University
Sandhya Neupane Kandel - Estia Hlth, Estia Hlth Blakehurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Che Henry Ngwa - University of Gothenburg
Robina Khan Niazi - Int Islamic Univ Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Antonio Tolentino Nogueira de Sa - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Maternal & Child Nursing & Publ Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Nafise Noroozi - University of Tehran
Hasti Nouraei - Shiraz University
Ali Nowroozi - University of Tehran
Virginia Nunez-Samudio - College Station Medical Center
Jerry John Nutor - Supreme Council Of Health
Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam - Univ Benin, Ctr Excellence Reprod Hlth Innovat, Benin, Nigeria
Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam - Univ Benin, Dept Physiol, Edo, Nigeria
Bogdan Oancea - University of Bucharest
Rahman Md Obaidur - Ctr Surveillance Immunizat & Epidemiol Res, Tokyo, Japan
Vivek Anand Ojha - College Station Medical Center
Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle - University of Ibadan
Osaretin Christabel Okonji - University of the Western Cape
Andrew T. Olagunju - McMaster University
Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya - Start
Ahmed Omar Bali - Univ Human Dev, Diplomacy & Publ Relat Dept, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Emad Omer - Ajman University
Nikita Otstavnov - Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudny, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
Bilcha Oumer - Arba Minch University
P. A. Mahesh - College Station Medical Center
Jagadish Rao Padubidri - College Station Medical Center
Keyvan Pakshir - Shiraz University
Tamas Palicz - Hungarian Hlth Management Assoc, Budapest, Hungary
Adrian Pana - Babeș-Bolyai University
Shahina Pardhan - Anglia Ruskin University
Jose L. Paredes - Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Utsav Parekh - College Station Medical Center
Eun-Cheol Park - Yonsei University
Seoyeon Park - Yonsei University
Ashish Pathak - College Station Medical Center
Rajan Paudel - Tribhuvan University
Uttam Paudel - Tribhuvan University
Shrikant Pawar - Yale University
Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi - College Station Medical Center
Minjin Peng - Taihe Hosp, Dept Infect Control, Shiyan, Peoples R China
Umberto Pensato - IRCCS Humanitas Res Hosp, Dept Neurol, Milan, Italy
Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito - Ateneo de Manila University
Marcos Pereira - British Science Association
Mario F. P. Peres - Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Norberto Perico - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Bergamo, Italy
Ionela-Roxana Petcu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Zahra Zahid Piracha - College Station Medical Center
Indrashis Podder - College Station Medical Center
Nayanum Pokhrel - Nepal Hlth Res Council, Res Dept Infect Dis, Kathmandu, Nepal
Ramesh Poluru - Data Management
Maarten J. Postma - University of Groningen
Naeimeh Pourtaheri - College Station Medical Center
Akila Prashant - JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research
Ibrahim Qattea - Case Western Reserve University
Mohammad Rabiee - Amirkabir University of Technology
Navid Rabiee - Macquarie University
Amir Radfar - College Station Medical Center
Saber Raeghi - College Station Medical Center
Sima Rafiei - College Station Medical Center
Pankaja Raghav Raghav - College Station Medical Center
Leila Rahbarnia - College Station Medical Center
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar - University of Tehran
Mosiur Rahman - La Trobe University
Muhammad Aziz Rahman - La Trobe University
Amir Masoud Rahmani - Natl Yunlin Univ Sci & Technol, Future Technol Res Ctr, Huwei Township, Yunlin, Taiwan
Vahid Rahmanian - Jahrom University
Pradhum Ram - Emory University
Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Ranjha - University of Sargodha
Sowmya J. Rao - Sharavathi Dent Coll & Hosp, Dept Oral Pathol, Shimogga, India
Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi - Shahid Beheshti University
Azad Rasul - Soran University
Zubair Ahmed Ratan - Khulna University
Salman Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Reza Rawassizadeh - Boston University
Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia - Supreme Council Of Health
Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan - King Abdulaziz University
Misganu Teshoma Regasa - Wollega University
Giuseppe Remuzzi - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Bergamo, Italy
Melese Abate Reta - University of Pretoria
Nazila Rezaei - University of Tehran
Aziz Rezapour - College Station Medical Center
Abanoub Riad - Masaryk University
Rezaul Karim Ripon - Jahangirnagar University
Kristina E. Rudd - University of Pittsburgh
Basema Saddik - University of Sharjah
Saeid Sadeghian - College Station Medical Center
Umar Saeed - College Station Medical Center
Mohsen Safaei - College Station Medical Center
Azam Safary - Connect
Sher Zaman Safi - Mahsa University
Maryam Sahebazzamani - Supreme Council Of Health
Amirhossein Sahebkar - College Station Medical Center
Harihar Sahoo - Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Dev Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Saina Salahi - College Station Medical Center
Sarvenaz Salahi - Royan Institute
Hedayat Salari - Persian Gulf University
Sana Salehi - Univ Southern Calif, Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informat Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA
Hossein Samadi Kafil - College Station Medical Center
Abdallah M. Samy - Ain Shams University
Nima Sanadgol - Zabol University
Senthilkumar Sankararaman - Case Western Reserve University
Francesco Sanmarchi - University of Bologna
Brijesh Sathian - College Station Medical Center
Monika Sawhney - Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC USA
Ganesh Kumar Saya - College Station Medical Center
Subramanian Senthilkumaran - College Station Medical Center
Allen Seylani - NHLBI, NIH, Rockville, MD USA
Pritik A. Shah - College Station Medical Center
Masood Ali Shaikh
Elaheh Shaker - Noncommunicable Dis Res Ctr NCDRC, Dept Epidemiol, Tehran, Iran
Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov - College Station Medical Center
Mequannent Melaku Sharew - University of Gondar
Athena Sharifi-Razavi - College Station Medical Center
Purva Sharma - College Station Medical Center
Rahim Ali Sheikhi - Shahrekord University
Ali Sheikhy - University of Tehran
Pavanchand H. Shetty - College Station Medical Center
Mika Shigematsu - Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan
Jae Il Shin - Yonsei University
Hesamaddin Shirzad-Aski - Golestan University
K. M. Shivakumar - College Station Medical Center
Parnian Shobeiri - University of Tehran
Seyed Afshin Shorofi - College Station Medical Center
Sunil Shrestha - Monash University
Migbar Mekonnen Sibhat - Dilla University
Negussie Boti Sidemo - Arba Minch University
Mustafa Kamal Sikder - Johns Hopkins University
Luis Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva - Ctr Potential & Innovat Nat Resources, Polytech Inst Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
Jasvinder A. Singh - University of Alabama
Paramdeep Singh - College Station Medical Center
Surjit Singh - College Station Medical Center
Md Shahjahan Siraj - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Samarjeet Singh Siwal - Maharishi Markandeshwar, Dept Chem, Mullana, India
Valentin Yurievich Skryabin - Moscow Res & Pract Ctr Addict, Clin Branch, Moscow, Russia
Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina - College Station Medical Center
Bogdan Socea - College Station Medical Center
Damtew Damtew Solomon - Madda Walabu University
Yimeng Song - Yale University
Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy - College Station Medical Center
Muhammad Suleman - University of Swat
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader - College Station Medical Center
Saima Sultana - Projahnmo Res Fdn, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Miklos Szocska - Semmelweis University
Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Tabish - Shaqra University
Majid Taheri - Shahid Beheshti University
Elahe Taki - University of Tehran
Ker-Kan Tan - Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Surg, Singapore, Singapore
Sarmila Tandukar - Policy Res Inst, Dept Sci Technol & Nat Resources, Kathmandu, Nepal
Nathan Y. Tat - Rice University
Vivian Y. Tat - Univ Texas Galveston, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX USA
Belay Negash Tefera - Haramaya University
Yibekal Manaye Tefera - Dire Dawa University
Gebremaryam Temesgen - Arba Minch University
Mohamad-Hani Temsah - King Saud University
Samar Tharwat - Mansoura University
Arulmani Thiyagarajan - Leibniz Inst Prevent Res & Epidemiol, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Bremen, Germany
Imad I. Tleyjeh - College Station Medical Center
Christopher E. Troeger - University of Washington
Krishna Kishore Umapathi - Rush University
Era Upadhyay - Amity Univ Rajasthan, Amity Inst Biotechnol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Sahel Valadan Tahbaz - Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Pascual R. Valdez - College Station Medical Center
Jef Van den Eynde - KU Leuven
H. Rogier van Doorn - University of Oxford
Siavash Vaziri - College Station Medical Center
Georgios-Ioannis Verras - Gen Univ Hosp Patras, Dept Surg, Patras, Greece
Harimadhav Viswanathan - College Station Medical Center
Bay Vo - HUTECH University
Abdul Waris - City University of Hong Kong
Gizachew Tadesse Wassie - Bahir Dar University
Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe - Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Sajad Yaghoubi - Iranshahr University
Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya Yahya - University of Duhok
Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari - Milad Gen Hosp, Clin Canc Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Arzu Yigit - Suleyman Demirel Univ, Dept Hlth Management, Isparta, Turkey
Vahit Yigit - Suleyman Demirel Univ, Dept Hlth Management, Isparta, Turkey
Dong Keon Yon - Kyung Hee University
Naohiro Yonemoto - Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neuropsychopharmacol, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
Mazyar Zahir - Shahid Beheshti University
Burhan Abdullah Zaman - University of Duhok
Sojib Bin Zaman - Monash University
Moein Zangiabadian - Shahid Beheshti University
Iman Zare - BioChem Technology
Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin - Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Bioengn & Therapeut Sci, San Francisco, CA USA
Zhi-Jiang Zhang - Wuhan University
Peng Zheng - University of Washington
Chenwen Zhong - Chinese University of Hong Kong
Mohammad Zoladl - College Station Medical Center
Alimuddin Zumla - UCL, Dept Infect, London, England
Simon Hay - University of Washington
Christiane Dolecek - University of Oxford
Benn Sartorius - University of Oxford
Christopher J. L. Murray - University of Washington
Mohsen Naghavi - University of Washington
GBD 2019 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators
Publication Details: The Lancet (British edition), Vol.400(10369), pp.2221-2248
Publisher: Elsevier
Number of pages: 28
Grant note: Department of Health and Social Care, using UK Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; CGIAR Wellcome Trust
Identifiers: 9913680908331
Academic Unit: Alfaisal University; King Abdulaziz University; Shaqra University; Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article