Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition

Christopher J. L. Murray; Ryan M. Barber; Kyle J. Foreman; Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren; Foad Abd-Allah; Semaw F. Abera; Victor Aboyans; Jerry P. Abraham; Ibrahim Abubakar; Laith J. Abu-Raddad; Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh; Tom Achoki; Ilana N. Ackerman; Zanfina Ademi; Arsene K. Adou; Jose C. Adsuar; Ashkan Afshin; Emilie E. Agardh; Sayed Saidul Alam; Deena Alasfoor; Mohammed I. Albittar; Miguel A. Alegretti; Zewdie A. Alemu; Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho; Samia Alhabib; Raghib Ali; Francois Alla; Peter Allebeck; Mohammad A. Almazroa; Ubai Alsharif; Elena Alvarez; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Azmeraw T. Amare; Emmanuel A. Ameh; Heresh Amini; Walid Ammar; H. Ross Anderson; Benjamin O. Anderson; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Palwasha Anwari; Johan Arnlov; Valentina S. Arsic Arsenijevic; Al Artaman; Rana J. Asghar; Reza Assadi; Lydia S. Atkins; Marco A. Avila; Baffour Awuah; Victoria F. Bachman; Alaa Badawi; Maria C. Bahit; Kalpana Balakrishnan; Amitava Banerjee; Suzanne L. Barker-Collo; Simon Barquera; Lars Barregard; Lope H. Barrero; Arindam Basu; Sanjay Basu; Mohammed O. Basulaiman; Justin Beardsley; Neeraj Bedi; Ettore Beghi; Tolesa Bekele; Michelle L. Bell; Corina Benjet; Derrick A. Bennett; Isabela M. Bensenor; Habib Benzian; Eduardo Bernabe; Amelia Bertozzi-Villa; Tariku J. Beyene; Neeraj Bhala; Ashish Bhalla; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Kelly Bienhoff; Boris Bikbov; Stan Biryukov; Jed D. Blore; Christopher D. Blosser; Fiona M. Blyth; Megan A. Bohensky; Ian W. Bolliger; Berrak Bora Basara; Natan M. Bornstein; Dipan Bose; Soufiane Boufous; Rupert R. A. Bourne; Lindsay N. Boyers; Michael Brainin; Carol E. Brayne; Alexandra Brazinova; Nicholas J. K. Breitborde; Hermann Brenner; Adam D. Briggs; Peter M. Brooks; Jonathan C. Brown; Traolach S. Brugha; Rachelle Buchbinder; Geoffrey C. Buckle; Christine M. Budke; Anne Bulchis; Andrew G. Bulloch; Ismael R. Campos-Nonato; Helene Carabin; Jonathan R. Carapetis; Rosario Cardenas; David O. Carpenter; Valeria Caso; Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela; Ruben E. Castro; Ferran Catala-Lopez; Fiorella Cavalleri; Alanur Cavlin; Vineet K. Chadha; Jung-Chen Chang; Fiona J. Charlson; Honglei Chen; Wanqing Chen; Peggy P. Chiang; Odgerel Chimed-Ochir; Rajiv Chowdhury; Hanne Christensen; Costas A. Christophi; Massimo Cirillo; Matthew M. Coates; Luc E. Coffeng; Megan S. Coggeshall; Valentina Colistro; Samantha M. Colquhoun; Graham S. Cooke; Cyrus Cooper; Leslie T. Cooper; Luis M. Coppola; Monica Cortinovis; Michael H. Criqui; John A. Crump; Lucia Cuevas-Nasu; Hadi Danawi; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Emily Dansereau; Paul I. Dargan; Gail Davey; Adrian Davis; Dragos V. Davitoiu; Anand Dayama; Diego De Leo; Louisa Degenhardt; Borja Del Pozo-Cruz; Robert P. Dellavalle; Kebede Deribe; Sarah Derrett; Don C. Des Jarlais; Muluken Dessalegn; Samath D. Dharmaratne; Mukesh K. Dherani; Cesar Diaz-Torne; Daniel Dicker; Eric L. Ding; Klara Dokova; E. Ray Dorsey; Tim R. Driscoll; Leilei Duan; Herbert C. Duber; Beth E. Ebel; Karen M. Edmond; Yousef M. Elshrek; Matthias Endres; Sergey P. Ermakov; Holly E. Erskine; Babak Eshrati; Alireza Esteghamati; Kara Estep; Emerito Jose A. Faraon; Farshad Farzadfar; Derek F. Fay; Valery L. Feigin; David T. Felson; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Jefferson G. Fernandes; Alize J. Ferrari; Christina Fitzmaurice; Abraham D. Flaxman; Thomas D. Fleming; Nataliya Foigt; Mohammad H. Forouzanfar; F. Gerry R. Fowkes; Urbano Fra Paleo; Richard C. Franklin; Thomas Fuerst; Belinda Gabbe; Lynne Gaffikin; Fortune G. Gankpe; Johanna M. Geleijnse; Bradford D. Gessner; Peter Gething; Katherine B. Gibney; Maurice Giroud; Giorgia Giussani; Hector Gomez Dantes; Philimon Gona; Diego Gonzalez-Medina; Richard A. Gosselin; Carolyn C. Gotay; Atsushi Goto; Hebe N. Gouda; Nicholas Graetz; Harish C. Gugnani; Rahul Gupta; Rajeev Gupta; Reyna A. Gutierrez; Juanita Haagsma; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Holly Hagan; Yara A. Halasa; Randah R. Hamadeh; Hannah Hamavid; Mouhanad Hammami; Jamie Hancock; Graeme J. Hankey; Gillian M. Hansen; Yuantao Hao; Hilda L. Harb; Josep Maria Haro; Rasmus Havmoeller; Simon I. Hay; Roderick J. Hay; Ileana B. Heredia-Pi; Kyle R. Heuton; Pouria Heydarpour; Hideki Higashi; Martha Hijar; Hans W. Hoek; Howard J. Hoffman; H. Dean Hosgood; Mazeda Hossain; Peter J. Hotez; Damian G. Hoy; Mohamed Hsairi; Guoqing Hu; Cheng Huang; John J. Huang; Abdullatif Husseini; Chantal Huynh; Marissa L. Iannarone; Kim M. Iburg; Kaire Innos; Manami Inoue; Farhad Islami; Kathryn H. Jacobsen; Deborah L. Jarvis; Simerjot K. Jassal; Sun Ha Jee; Panniyammakal Jeemon; Paul N. Jensen; Vivekanand Jha; Guohong Jiang; Ying Jiang; Jost B. Jonas; Knud Juel; Haidong Kan; Andre Karch; Corine K. Karema; Chante Karimkhani; Ganesan Karthikeyan; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Anil Kaul; Norito Kawakami; Konstantin Kazanjan; Andrew H. Kemp; Andre P. Kengne; Andre Keren; Yousef S. Khader; Shams Eldin A. Khalifa; Ejaz A. Khan; Gulfaraz Khan; Young-Ho Khang; Christian Kieling; Daniel Kim; Sungroul Kim; Yunjin Kim; Yohannes Kinfu; Jonas M. Kinge; Miia Kivipelto; Luke D. Knibbs; Ann Kristin Knudsen; Yoshihiro Kokubo; Soewarta Kosen; Sanjay Krishnaswami; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Burcu Kucuk Bicer; Ernst J. Kuipers; Chanda Kulkarni; Veena S. Kulkarni; G. Anil Kumar; Hmwe H. Kyu; Taavi Lai; Ratilal Lalloo; Tea Lallukka; Hilton Lam; Qing Lan; Van C. Lansingh; Anders Larsson; Alicia E. B. Lawrynowicz; Janet L. Leasher; James Leigh; Ricky Leung; Carly E. Levitz; Bin Li; Yichong Li; Yongmei Li; Stephen S. Lim; Maggie Lind; Steven E. Lipshultz; Shiwei Liu; Yang Liu; Belinda K. Lloyd; Katherine T. Lofgren; Giancarlo Logroscino; Katharine J. Looker; Joannie Lortet-Tieulent; Paulo A. Lotufo; Rafael Lozano; Robyn M. Lucas; Raimundas Lunevicius; Ronan A. Lyons; Stefan Ma; Michael F. Macintyre; Mark T. Mackay; Marek Majdan; Reza Malekzadeh; Wagner Marcenes; David J. Margolis; Christopher Margono; Melvin B. Marzan; Joseph R. Masci; Mohammad T. Mashal; Richard Matzopoulos; Bongani M. Mayosi; Tasara T. Mazorodze; Neil W. Mcgill; John J. Mcgrath; Martin Mckee; Abigail McLain; Peter A. Meaney; Catalina Medina; Man Mohan Mehndiratta; Wubegzier Mekonnen; Yohannes A. Melaku; Michele Meltzer; Ziad A. Memish; George A. Mensah; Atte Meretoja; Francis A. Mhimbira; Renata Micha; Ted R. Miller; Edward J. Mills; Philip B. Mitchell; Charles N. Mock; Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim; Karzan A. Mohammad; Ali H. Mokdad; Glen L. D. Mola; Lorenzo Monasta; Julio C. Montanez Hernandez; Marcella Montico; Thomas J. Montine; Meghan D. Mooney; Ami R. Moore; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Andrew E. Moran; Rintaro Mori; Joanna Moschandreas; Wilkister N. Moturi; Madeline L. Moyer; Dariush Mozaffarian; William T. Msemburi; Ulrich O. Mueller; Mitsuru Mukaigawara; Erin C. Mullany; Michele E. Murdoch; Joseph Murray; Kinnari S. Murthy; Mohsen Naghavi; Aliya Naheed; Kovin S. Naidoo; Luigi Naldi; Devina Nand; Vinay Nangia; K. M. Venkat Narayan; Chakib Nejjari; Sudan P. Neupane; Charles R. Newton; Marie Ng; Frida N. Ngalesoni; Grant Nguyen; Muhammad I. Nisar; Sandra Nolte; Ole F. Norheim; Rosana E. Norman; Bo Norrving; Luke Nyakarahuka; In-Hwan Oh; Takayoshi Ohkubo; Summer L. Ohno; Bolajoko O. Olusanya; John Nelson Opio; Katrina Ortblad; Alberto Ortiz; Amanda W. Pain; Jeyaraj D. Pandian; Carlo Irwin A. Panelo; Christina Papachristou; Eun-Kee Park; Jae-Hyun Park; Scott B. Patten; George C. Patton; Vinod K. Paul; Boris I. Pavlin; Neil Pearce; David M. Pereira; Rogelio Perez-Padilla; Fernando Perez-Ruiz; Norberto Perico; Aslam Pervaiz; Konrad Pesudovs; Carrie B. Peterson; Max Petzold; Michael R. Phillips; Bryan K. Phillips; David E. Phillips; Frederic B. Piel; Dietrich Plass; Dan Poenaru; Suzanne Polinder; Daniel Pope; Svetlana Popova; Richie G. Poulton; Farshad Pourmalek; Dorairaj Prabhakaran; Noela M. Prasad; Rachel L. Pullan; Dima M. Qato; D. Alex Quistberg; Anwar Rafay; Kazem Rahimi; Sajjad U. 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Simard; Shireen Sindi; Abhishek Singh; Jasvinder A. Singh; Lavanya Singh; Vegard Skirbekk; Erica Leigh Slepak; Karen Sliwa; Samir Soneji; Kjetil Soreide; Sergey Soshnikov; Luciano A. Sposato; Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy; Jeffrey D. Stanaway; Vasiliki Stathopoulou; Dan J. Stein; Murray B. Stein; Caitlyn Steiner; Timothy J. Steiner; Antony Stevens; Andrea Stewart; Lars J. Stovner; Konstantinos Stroumpoulis; Bruno F. Sunguya; Soumya Swaminathan; Mamta Swaroop; Bryan L. Sykes; Karen M. Tabb; Ken Takahashi; Nikhil Tandon; David Tanne; Marcel Tanner; Mohammad Tavakkoli; Hugh R. Taylor; Braden J. Te Ao; Fabrizio Tediosi; Awoke M. Temesgen; Tara Templin; Margreet Ten Have; Eric Y. Tenkorang; Abdullah S. Terkawi; Blake Thomson; Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman; Amanda G. Thrift; George D. Thurston; Taavi Tillmann; Marcello Tonelli; Fotis Topouzis; Hideaki Toyoshima; Jefferson Traebert; Bach X. Tran; Matias Trillini; Thomas Truelsen; Miltiadis Tsilimbaris; Emin M. Tuzcu; Uche S. Uchendu; Kingsley N. Ukwaja; Eduardo A. Undurraga; Selen B. Uzun; Wim H. Van Brakel; Steven Van De Vijver; Coen H. van Gool; Jim Van Os; Tommi J. Vasankari; N. Venketasubramanian; Francesco S. Violante; Vasiliy V. Vlassov; Stein Emil Vollset; Gregory R. Wagner; Joseph Wagner; Stephen G. Waller; Xia Wan; Haidong Wang; Jianli Wang; Linhong Wang; Tati S. Warouw; Scott Weichenthal; Elisabete Weiderpass; Robert G. Weintraub; Wang Wenzhi; Andrea Werdecker; Ronny Westerman; Harvey A. Whiteford; James D. Wilkinson; Thomas N. Williams; Charles D. Wolfe; Timothy M. Wolock; Anthony D. Woolf; Sarah Wulf; Brittany Wurtz; Gelin Xu; Lijing L. Yan; Yuichiro Yano; Pengpeng Ye; Goekalp K. Yentur; Paul Yip; Naohiro Yonemoto; Seok-Jun Yoon; Mustafa Z. Younis; Chuanhua Yu; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Yong Zhao; Yingfeng Zheng; David Zonies; Xiaonong Zou; Joshua A. Salomon; Alan D. Lopez; Theo Vos; HALE Collaborator

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X

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Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition

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Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition

Christopher J. L. Murray, Ryan M. Barber, Kyle J. Foreman, Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren, Foad Abd-Allah, Semaw F. Abera, Victor Aboyans, Jerry P. Abraham, Ibrahim Abubakar, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, …

The Lancet (British edition), Vol.386(10009), pp.2145-2191

28/11/2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61340-X

PMCID: PMC4673910

PMID: 26321261

Abstract

General & Internal Medicine

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Medicine, General & Internal

Science & Technology

Background The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age-sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development. Methods We used the published GBD 2013 data for age-specific mortality, years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) to calculate DALYs and HALE for 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2013 for 188 countries. We calculated HALE using the Sullivan method; 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) represent uncertainty in age-specific death rates and YLDs per person for each country, age, sex, and year. We estimated DALYs for 306 causes for each country as the sum of YLLs and YLDs; 95% UIs represent uncertainty in YLL and YLD rates. We quantified patterns of the epidemiological transition with a composite indicator of sociodemographic status, which we constructed from income per person, average years of schooling after age 15 years, and the total fertility rate and mean age of the population. We applied hierarchical regression to DALY rates by cause across countries to decompose variance related to the sociodemographic status variable, country, and time. Findings Worldwide, from 1990 to 2013, life expectancy at birth rose by 6.2 years (95% UI 5.6-6.6), from 65.3 years (65.0-65.6) in 1990 to 71.5 years (71.0-71.9) in 2013, HALE at birth rose by 5.4 years (4.9-5.8), from 56.9 years (54.5-59.1) to 62.3 years (59.7-64.8), total DALYs fell by 3.6% (0.3-7.4), and age-standardised DALY rates per 100 000 people fell by 26.7% (24.6-29.1). For communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders, global DALY numbers, crude rates, and age-standardised rates have all declined between 1990 and 2013, whereas for non-communicable diseases, global DALYs have been increasing, DALY rates have remained nearly constant, and age-standardised DALY rates declined during the same period. From 2005 to 2013, the number of DALYs increased for most specific non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms, in addition to dengue, food-borne trematodes, and leishmaniasis; DALYs decreased for nearly all other causes. By 2013, the five leading causes of DALYs were ischaemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, cerebrovascular disease, low back and neck pain, and road injuries. Sociodemographic status explained more than 50% of the variance between countries and over time for diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and other common infectious diseases; maternal disorders; neonatal disorders; nutritional deficiencies; other communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; musculoskeletal disorders; and other non-communicable diseases. However, sociodemographic status explained less than 10% of the variance in DALY rates for cardiovascular diseases; chronic respiratory diseases; cirrhosis; diabetes, urogenital, blood, and endocrine diseases; unintentional injuries; and self-harm and interpersonal violence. Predictably, increased sociodemographic status was associated with a shift in burden from YLLs to YLDs, driven by declines in YLLs and increases in YLDs from musculoskeletal disorders, neurological disorders, and mental and substance use disorders. In most country-specific estimates, the increase in life expectancy was greater than that in HALE. Leading causes of DALYs are highly variable across countries. Interpretation Global health is improving. Population growth and ageing have driven up numbers of DALYs, but crude rates have remained relatively constant, showing that progress in health does not mean fewer demands on health systems. The notion of an epidemiological transition-in which increasing sociodemographic status brings structured change in disease burden-is useful, but there is tremendous variation in burden of disease that is not associated with sociodemographic status. This further underscores the need for country-specific assessments of DALYs and HALE to appropriately inform health policy decisions and attendant actions.

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Title: Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition
Creators - without role: Christopher J. L. Murray - University of Washington
Ryan M. Barber - University of Washington
Kyle J. Foreman - University of Washington
Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren - Hacettepe University
Foad Abd-Allah - Cairo University
Semaw F. Abera - Mekelle University
Victor Aboyans - Dupuytren Univ Hosp, Limoges, France
Jerry P. Abraham - College Station Medical Center
Ibrahim Abubakar
Laith J. Abu-Raddad - College Station Medical Center
Niveen M. Abu-Rmeileh - Birzeit University
Tom Achoki - University of Washington
Ilana N. Ackerman - University of Melbourne
Zanfina Ademi - University of Melbourne
Arsene K. Adou - Assoc Ivoirienne Bien Etre Familial, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire
Jose C. Adsuar - Universidad de Extremadura
Ashkan Afshin - University of Washington
Emilie E. Agardh - Inst Publ Hlth Sci, Stockholm, Sweden
Sayed Saidul Alam - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Deena Alasfoor - Minist Hlth, Al Khuwair, Oman
Mohammed I. Albittar
Miguel A. Alegretti - College Station Medical Center
Zewdie A. Alemu - Debre Markos University
Rafael Alfonso-Cristancho - University of Washington
Samia Alhabib - King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz Univ Hosp, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Raghib Ali - University of Oxford
Francois Alla - Supreme Council Of Health
Peter Allebeck - Karolinska Institutet
Mohammad A. Almazroa - Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Ubai Alsharif - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Elena Alvarez - Govt, Madrid, Spain
Nelson Alvis-Guzman - University of Cartagena
Azmeraw T. Amare - University of Groningen
Emmanuel A. Ameh - Ahmadu Bello University
Heresh Amini - University of Basel
Walid Ammar
H. Ross Anderson - University of London
Benjamin O. Anderson - University of Washington
Carl Abelardo T. Antonio - University of the Philippines Manila
Palwasha Anwari
Johan Arnlov - Uppsala University
Valentina S. Arsic Arsenijevic - University of Belgrade
Al Artaman
Rana J. Asghar - Forum
Reza Assadi - College Station Medical Center
Lydia S. Atkins - Minist Hlth, Wellness Human Serv & Gender Relat, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
Marco A. Avila - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Baffour Awuah - Komfo Anokye Teaching Hosp, Kumasi, Ghana
Victoria F. Bachman - University of Washington
Alaa Badawi - Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
Maria C. Bahit - INECO Neurociencias, Rosario, Argentina
Kalpana Balakrishnan - University of Madras
Amitava Banerjee - University of Birmingham
Suzanne L. Barker-Collo - University of Auckland
Simon Barquera - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Lars Barregard - University of Gothenburg
Lope H. Barrero - Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Dept Ind Engn, Bogota, Colombia
Arindam Basu - University of Canterbury
Sanjay Basu - Stanford University
Mohammed O. Basulaiman - Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Justin Beardsley - University of Oxford
Neeraj Bedi - College Station Medical Center
Ettore Beghi - IRCCS Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
Tolesa Bekele - Madda Walabu University
Michelle L. Bell - University of New Haven
Corina Benjet - Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon Fuente Muniz, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Derrick A. Bennett - University of Oxford
Isabela M. Bensenor - Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Habib Benzian - UCL, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England
Eduardo Bernabe - Kings Coll London, London, England
Amelia Bertozzi-Villa - University of Washington
Tariku J. Beyene - Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Neeraj Bhala - Queen Elizabeth Hosp, Birmingham B15 2TH, W Midlands, England
Ashish Bhalla - College Station Medical Center
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta - Aga Khan University
Kelly Bienhoff - University of Washington
Boris Bikbov - AI Evdokimov Moscow State Univ Med & Dent, Moscow, Russia
Stan Biryukov - University of Washington
Jed D. Blore - University of Washington
Christopher D. Blosser - University of Washington
Fiona M. Blyth - University of Sydney
Megan A. Bohensky - University of Melbourne
Ian W. Bolliger - University of Washington
Berrak Bora Basara - Ankara
Natan M. Bornstein - College Station Medical Center
Dipan Bose - World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA
Soufiane Boufous - Univ New S Wales, Transport & Rd Safety TARS Res, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
Rupert R. A. Bourne - Anglia Ruskin University
Lindsay N. Boyers - Georgetown University
Michael Brainin - Universität für Weiterbildung Krems
Carol E. Brayne - Cambridge Inst Publ Hlth, Cambridge, England
Alexandra Brazinova - Trnava Univ, Fac Hlth Sci & Social Work, Trnava, Slovakia
Nicholas J. K. Breitborde - The Ohio State University
Hermann Brenner - Heidelberg
Adam D. Briggs - University of Oxford
Peter M. Brooks - University of Melbourne
Jonathan C. Brown - University of Washington
Traolach S. Brugha - University of Leicester
Rachelle Buchbinder - Cabrini Inst, Monash Dept Clin Epidemiol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Geoffrey C. Buckle - Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Christine M. Budke - Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA
Anne Bulchis - University of Washington
Andrew G. Bulloch - University of Calgary
Ismael R. Campos-Nonato - Harvard University
Helene Carabin - University of Oklahoma
Jonathan R. Carapetis - Telethon Inst Child Hlth Res, Subiaco, WA, Australia
Rosario Cardenas - Univ Autonoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
David O. Carpenter - SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA
Valeria Caso - University of Perugia
Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela - Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia
Ruben E. Castro - Univ Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
Ferran Catala-Lopez - College Station Medical Center
Fiorella Cavalleri - College Station Medical Center
Alanur Cavlin - Hacettepe University
Vineet K. Chadha - Natl TB Inst, Bengaluru, India
Jung-Chen Chang - College Station Medical Center
Fiona J. Charlson - University of Queensland
Honglei Chen - Triangle
Wanqing Chen - College Station Medical Center
Peggy P. Chiang - University of Melbourne
Odgerel Chimed-Ochir - Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Environm Epidemiol, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan
Rajiv Chowdhury - University of Cambridge
Hanne Christensen - Bispebjerg Hosp, Copenhagen, Denmark
Costas A. Christophi - Cyprus University of Technology
Massimo Cirillo - University of Salerno
Matthew M. Coates - University of Washington
Luc E. Coffeng - University of Washington
Megan S. Coggeshall - University of Washington
Valentina Colistro - Univ Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
Samantha M. Colquhoun - University of Melbourne
Graham S. Cooke - University of London
Cyrus Cooper - University of Southampton
Leslie T. Cooper - Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA
Luis M. Coppola - Hosp Municipal Ramon Santamarina, Tandil, Argentina
Monica Cortinovis - IRCCS Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
Michael H. Criqui - Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
John A. Crump - University of Otago
Lucia Cuevas-Nasu - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Hadi Danawi - Walden University
Lalit Dandona - University of Washington
Rakhi Dandona - Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India
Emily Dansereau - University of Washington
Paul I. Dargan - Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, London, England
Gail Davey - Wellcome Trust
Adrian Davis - Publ Hlth England, London, England
Dragos V. Davitoiu - College Station Medical Center
Anand Dayama - College Station Medical Center
Diego De Leo - Griffith University
Louisa Degenhardt - Univ New S Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
Borja Del Pozo-Cruz - University of Auckland
Robert P. Dellavalle - Eastern Colorado Healthcare Syst, US Dept Vet Affairs, Denver, CO USA
Kebede Deribe - Supreme Council Of Health
Sarah Derrett - University of Otago
Don C. Des Jarlais - Mt Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY USA
Muluken Dessalegn - College Station Medical Center
Samath D. Dharmaratne - University of Peradeniya
Mukesh K. Dherani - University of Liverpool
Cesar Diaz-Torne - Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
Daniel Dicker - University of Washington
Eric L. Ding - Harvard University
Klara Dokova - College Station Medical Center
E. Ray Dorsey - University of Rochester
Tim R. Driscoll - University of Sydney
Leilei Duan - Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention
Herbert C. Duber - University of Washington
Beth E. Ebel - University of Washington
Karen M. Edmond - University of Western Australia
Yousef M. Elshrek - University of Tripoli
Matthias Endres - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Sergey P. Ermakov - Russian Acad Sci, Inst Social & Econ Studies Populat, Moscow, Russia
Holly E. Erskine - University of Queensland
Babak Eshrati - Arak University
Alireza Esteghamati - University of Tehran
Kara Estep - University of Washington
Emerito Jose A. Faraon - UP Coll Publ Hlth, DHPA, Manila, Philippines
Farshad Farzadfar - University of Tehran
Derek F. Fay - Publ Hlth England, London, England
Valery L. Feigin - Auckland University of Technology
David T. Felson - Boston University
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad - Karolinska Institutet
Jefferson G. Fernandes - German Hosp Oswaldo Cruz, Inst Educ & Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Alize J. Ferrari - University of Queensland
Christina Fitzmaurice - University of Washington
Abraham D. Flaxman - University of Washington
Thomas D. Fleming - University of Washington
Nataliya Foigt - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad H. Forouzanfar - University of Washington
F. Gerry R. Fowkes - University of Edinburgh
Urbano Fra Paleo - Universidad de Extremadura
Richard C. Franklin - James Cook University
Thomas Fuerst - University of London
Belinda Gabbe - Monash University
Lynne Gaffikin - Stanford University
Fortune G. Gankpe - Leras Afrique, Cotonou, Benin
Johanna M. Geleijnse - Wageningen Univ, Div Human Nutr, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands
Bradford D. Gessner - College Station Medical Center
Peter Gething - University of Oxford
Katherine B. Gibney - Melbourne Hlth, Parkville, Vic, Australia
Maurice Giroud - Univ Hosp Dijon, Dijon, France
Giorgia Giussani - IRCCS Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
Hector Gomez Dantes - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Philimon Gona - University of Massachusetts Boston
Diego Gonzalez-Medina - University of Washington
Richard A. Gosselin - Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Carolyn C. Gotay - University of British Columbia
Atsushi Goto - College Station Medical Center
Hebe N. Gouda - University of Queensland
Nicholas Graetz - University of Washington
Harish C. Gugnani - Supreme Council Of Health
Rahul Gupta - West Virginia Bur Publ Hlth, Charleston, WV USA
Rajeev Gupta - Fortis Escorts Hosp, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Reyna A. Gutierrez - Natl Inst Psychiat Ramon Fuente Muniz, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Juanita Haagsma - University of Washington
Nima Hafezi-Nejad - University of Tehran
Holly Hagan - NYU, New York, NY USA
Yara A. Halasa - Brandeis University
Randah R. Hamadeh - Arabian Gulf University
Hannah Hamavid - University of Washington
Mouhanad Hammami - Wayne Cty Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Detroit, MI USA
Jamie Hancock - University of Washington
Graeme J. Hankey - University of Western Australia
Gillian M. Hansen - University of Washington
Yuantao Hao - Supreme Council Of Health
Hilda L. Harb - Minist Publ Hlth, Beirut, Lebanon
Josep Maria Haro - Parc Sanitari St Joan Deu CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
Rasmus Havmoeller - Karolinska Institutet
Simon I. Hay - University of Washington
Roderick J. Hay - Kings Coll London, London, England
Ileana B. Heredia-Pi - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Kyle R. Heuton - University of Washington
Pouria Heydarpour - University of Tehran
Hideki Higashi - University of Washington
Martha Hijar - Fdn Entornos AC, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Hans W. Hoek - University of Groningen
Howard J. Hoffman - Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commun Disorders, Epidemiol & Stat Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
H. Dean Hosgood - Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Mazeda Hossain - University of London
Peter J. Hotez - College Station Medical Center
Damian G. Hoy - University of Queensland
Mohamed Hsairi - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Tunis, Tunisia
Guoqing Hu - Cent South Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China
Cheng Huang - George Washington University
John J. Huang - University of New Haven
Abdullatif Husseini - Qatar University
Chantal Huynh - University of Washington
Marissa L. Iannarone - University of Washington
Kim M. Iburg - Aarhus University
Kaire Innos - Natl Inst Hlth Dev, Tallinn, Estonia
Manami Inoue - The University of Tokyo
Farhad Islami - Amer Canc Soc, New York, NY USA
Kathryn H. Jacobsen - George Mason University
Deborah L. Jarvis - University of London
Simerjot K. Jassal - Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Sun Ha Jee - Yonsei University
Panniyammakal Jeemon - Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India
Paul N. Jensen - University of Washington
Vivekanand Jha - College Station Medical Center
Guohong Jiang - Tianjin Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tianjin, Peoples R China
Ying Jiang - Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Dept Hlth Dev, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan
Jost B. Jonas - Heidelberg Univ, Med Fac Mannheim, Dept Ophthalmol, Mannheim, Germany
Knud Juel - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Copenhagen, Denmark
Haidong Kan - Fudan University
Andre Karch - Helmholtz Ctr Infect Res, Dept Epidemiol, Braunschweig, Germany
Corine K. Karema - Minist Hlth, Malaria & Other Parasit Dis Div, Kigali City, Rwanda
Chante Karimkhani - Case Western Univ Hosp, Cleveland, OH USA
Ganesan Karthikeyan - College Station Medical Center
Nicholas J. Kassebaum - University of Washington
Anil Kaul - Oklahoma State University
Norito Kawakami - The University of Tokyo
Konstantin Kazanjan - Natl Ctr Dis Control & Publ Hlth, Tbilisi, Georgia
Andrew H. Kemp - Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Andre P. Kengne - College Station Medical Center
Andre Keren - Hadassah
Yousef S. Khader - Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Irbid, Jordan
Shams Eldin A. Khalifa - Supreme Council Hlth, Doha, Qatar
Ejaz A. Khan - Hlth Serv Acad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Gulfaraz Khan - UAE Univ, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates
Young-Ho Khang - College Station Medical Center
Christian Kieling - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Daniel Kim - Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Sungroul Kim - Soonchunhyang University
Yunjin Kim - Southern Univ Coll, Johor Baharu, Malaysia
Yohannes Kinfu - University of Canberra
Jonas M. Kinge - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway
Miia Kivipelto - Karolinska Institutet
Luke D. Knibbs - University of Queensland
Ann Kristin Knudsen - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Registries, Oslo, Norway
Yoshihiro Kokubo - Natl Cerebral & Cardiovasc Ctr, Suita, Osaka, Japan
Soewarta Kosen - NIHRD, Ctr Community Empowerment Hlth Policy & Humanitie, Jakarta, Indonesia
Sanjay Krishnaswami - University of Portland
Barthelemy Kuate Defo - Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada
Burcu Kucuk Bicer - Hacettepe University
Ernst J. Kuipers - Erasmus MC
Chanda Kulkarni - College Station Medical Center
Veena S. Kulkarni - Arkansas State University
G. Anil Kumar - Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India
Hmwe H. Kyu - University of Washington
Taavi Lai - Fourth View Consulting, Tallinn, Estonia
Ratilal Lalloo - Griffith University
Tea Lallukka - Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Disabil Prevent Res Ctr, Helsinki, Finland
Hilton Lam - Natl Inst Hlth, Inst Hlth Policy & Dev Studies, Manila, Philippines
Qing Lan - NCI, Rockville, MD USA
Van C. Lansingh - Help Me See Inc, New York, NY USA
Anders Larsson - Uppsala University
Alicia E. B. Lawrynowicz - Inst Nacl Epidemiol Dr Juan H Jara, Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Janet L. Leasher - Nova Southeastern University
James Leigh - University of Sydney
Ricky Leung - SUNY Albany, Rensselaer, NY USA
Carly E. Levitz - University of Washington
Bin Li - Jinan Cent Hosp, Jinan, Peoples R China
Yichong Li - Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention
Yongmei Li
Stephen S. Lim - University of Washington
Maggie Lind - University of Washington
Steven E. Lipshultz - Wayne State University
Shiwei Liu - Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention
Yang Liu - Emory University
Belinda K. Lloyd - Monash University
Katherine T. Lofgren - University of Washington
Giancarlo Logroscino - University of Bari Aldo Moro
Katharine J. Looker - University of Bristol
Joannie Lortet-Tieulent - Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
Paulo A. Lotufo - Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Rafael Lozano - University of Washington
Robyn M. Lucas - University of Canberra
Raimundas Lunevicius - University of Liverpool
Ronan A. Lyons - Swansea University
Stefan Ma - Minist Hlth Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Michael F. Macintyre - University of Washington
Mark T. Mackay - Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
Marek Majdan - Trnava Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Trnava, Slovakia
Reza Malekzadeh - Shariati Hosp, Digest Dis Reseach Inst, Tehran, Iran
Wagner Marcenes - Queen Mary University of London
David J. Margolis - Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Christopher Margono - University of Washington
Melvin B. Marzan - Univ East Ramon Magsaysay Mem, Med Ctr, Quezon City, Philippines
Joseph R. Masci - Elmhurst Hosp Ctr, Mt Sinai Serv, Elmhurst, NY USA
Mohammad T. Mashal - Minist Publ Hlth, Kabul, Afghanistan
Richard Matzopoulos - College Station Medical Center
Bongani M. Mayosi - University of Cape Town
Tasara T. Mazorodze - AIDC EC, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Neil W. Mcgill - The Alfred Hospital
John J. Mcgrath - University of Queensland
Martin Mckee - University of London
Abigail McLain - University of Washington
Peter A. Meaney - Supreme Council Of Health
Catalina Medina
Man Mohan Mehndiratta - Janakpuri Superspecialty Hosp, New Delhi, India
Wubegzier Mekonnen - Univ Addis Ababa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Yohannes A. Melaku - Mekelle University
Michele Meltzer - Thomas Jefferson University
Ziad A. Memish - Saudi Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
George A. Mensah - NHLBI, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Atte Meretoja - University of Melbourne
Francis A. Mhimbira - Ifakara Hlth Inst, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
Renata Micha - Tufts University
Ted R. Miller - Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA
Edward J. Mills - University of Ottawa
Philip B. Mitchell - Univ New S Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
Charles N. Mock - University of Washington
Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim - College Station Medical Center
Karzan A. Mohammad - Univ Salahaddin, Erbil, Iraq
Ali H. Mokdad - University of Washington
Glen L. D. Mola - University of Papua New Guinea
Lorenzo Monasta - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Julio C. Montanez Hernandez - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Marcella Montico - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Thomas J. Montine - University of Washington
Meghan D. Mooney - University of Washington
Ami R. Moore - Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh - University of Washington
Andrew E. Moran - Columbia University
Rintaro Mori - Natl Ctr Child Hlth & Dev, Setagaya Ku, Tokyo, Japan
Joanna Moschandreas - University of Crete
Wilkister N. Moturi - Egerton University
Madeline L. Moyer - University of Washington
Dariush Mozaffarian - Tufts University
William T. Msemburi - University of Washington
Ulrich O. Mueller - Univ Marburg, Marburg, Germany
Mitsuru Mukaigawara - Okinawa Chubu Hosp, Okinawa, Japan
Erin C. Mullany - University of Washington
Michele E. Murdoch - West Herts Hosp NHS Trust, Watford, England
Joseph Murray - University of Cambridge
Kinnari S. Murthy - Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India
Mohsen Naghavi - University of Washington
Aliya Naheed - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Kovin S. Naidoo - University of KwaZulu-Natal
Luigi Naldi - Azienda Osped Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
Devina Nand - Suva
Vinay Nangia - Suraj Eye Institute
K. M. Venkat Narayan - Emory University
Chakib Nejjari - College Station Medical Center
Sudan P. Neupane - University of Oslo
Charles R. Newton
Marie Ng - University of Washington
Frida N. Ngalesoni - Minist Hlth & Social Welf, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Grant Nguyen - University of Washington
Muhammad I. Nisar - Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan
Sandra Nolte - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Ole F. Norheim - University of Bergen
Rosana E. Norman - Queensland University of Technology
Bo Norrving - Lund University
Luke Nyakarahuka - Makerere University
In-Hwan Oh - Kyung Hee University
Takayoshi Ohkubo - Teikyo University
Summer L. Ohno - University of Washington
Bolajoko O. Olusanya - Start
John Nelson Opio - Lira Municipal Council, Lira Dist Local Govt, Lira, Uganda
Katrina Ortblad - University of Washington
Alberto Ortiz - IIS Fdn Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
Amanda W. Pain - University of Washington
Jeyaraj D. Pandian - College Station Medical Center
Carlo Irwin A. Panelo - University of the Philippines Manila
Christina Papachristou - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Eun-Kee Park - Kosin University
Jae-Hyun Park - Sungkyunkwan University
Scott B. Patten - University of Calgary
George C. Patton - University of Melbourne
Vinod K. Paul - College Station Medical Center
Boris I. Pavlin
Neil Pearce - University of London
David M. Pereira - Universidade do Porto
Rogelio Perez-Padilla - Natl Inst Resp Dis, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Fernando Perez-Ruiz - Hopsital Univ Cruces, OSI EE Cruces, Baracaldo, Spain
Norberto Perico - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Ranica, Italy
Aslam Pervaiz - MED Institute
Konrad Pesudovs - Flinders University
Carrie B. Peterson - Aalborg University
Max Petzold - Hlth Metr Unit, Gothenburg, Sweden
Michael R. Phillips - Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Bryan K. Phillips - University of Washington
David E. Phillips - University of Washington
Frederic B. Piel - University of Oxford
Dietrich Plass - Fed Environm Agcy, Sect Exposure Assessment & Environm Hlth Indicato, Berlin, Germany
Dan Poenaru - McGill University
Suzanne Polinder - Erasmus MC
Daniel Pope - University of Liverpool
Svetlana Popova - Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada
Richie G. Poulton - University of Otago
Farshad Pourmalek - University of British Columbia
Dorairaj Prabhakaran - Ctr Chron Dis Control, New Delhi, India
Noela M. Prasad - Fred Hollows Fdn, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Rachel L. Pullan - University of London
Dima M. Qato - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
D. Alex Quistberg - University of Washington
Anwar Rafay - Contech
Kazem Rahimi - University of Oxford
Sajjad U. Rahman - College Station Medical Center
Murugesan Raju - University of Missouri
Saleem M. Rana - Contech
Homie Razavi - Ctr Dis Anal, Louisville, CO USA
K. Srinath Reddy - Publ Hlth Fdn India, New Delhi, India
Amany Refaat - Suez Canal University
Giuseppe Remuzzi - IRCCS Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Bergamo, Italy
Serge Resnikoff - Univ New S Wales, BHVI, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia
Antonio L. Ribeiro - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Hosp Clin, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Lee Richardson - University of Washington
Jan Hendrik Richardus - Erasmus MC
D. Allen Roberts - University of Washington
David Rojas-Rueda - Ctr Res Environm Epidemiol CREAL, Barcelona, Spain
Luca Ronfani - IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Inst Maternal & Child Hlth, Trieste, Italy
Gregory A. Roth - University of Washington
Dietrich Rothenbacher - University of Ulm
David H. Rothstein - Ann & Robert H Lurie Childrens Hosp Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
Jane T. Rowley
Nobhojit Roy - Karolinska Institutet
George M. Ruhago - Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Mohammad Y. Saeedi - Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Sukanta Saha - Queensland Ctr Mental Hlth Res, Pk Ctr Mental Hlth, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Mohammad Ali Sahraian - University of Tehran
Uchechukwu K. A. Sampson - NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Juan R. Sanabria - Case Western Reserve University
Logan Sandar - University of Washington
Itamar S. Santos - Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Maheswar Satpathy - College Station Medical Center
Monika Sawhney - Marshall University
Peter Scarborough - University of Oxford
Ione J. Schneider - Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
Ben Schoettker - Heidelberg
Austin E. Schumacher - University of Washington
David C. Schwebel - University of Alabama
James G. Scott - University of Queensland
Soraya Seedat - Stellenbosch University
Sadaf G. Sepanlou - University of Tehran
Peter T. Serina - University of Washington
Edson E. Servan-Mori - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Katya A. Shackelford - University of Washington
Amira Shaheen - An Najah Univ, Nablus, Israel
Saeid Shahraz - College Station Medical Center
Teresa Shamah Levy - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Siyi Shangguan - Tufts University
Jun She - Fudan University
Sara Sheikhbahaei - University of Tehran
Peilin Shi - Tufts University
Kenji Shibuya - The University of Tokyo
Yukito Shinohara - Tachikawa Hosp, Tokyo, Japan
Rahman Shiri - Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland
Kawkab Shishani - Washington State University Spokane
Ivy Shiue - Newcastle University
Mark G. Shrime - Harvard University
Inga D. Sigfusdottir - Reykjavík University
Donald H. Silberberg - Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
Edgar P. Simard - Emory University
Shireen Sindi - Karolinska Institutet
Abhishek Singh - Int Inst Populat Sci, Bombay, Maharashtra, India
Jasvinder A. Singh - University of Alabama
Lavanya Singh - University of Washington
Vegard Skirbekk - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway
Erica Leigh Slepak - University of Washington
Karen Sliwa - University of Cape Town
Samir Soneji - Dartmouth Coll, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA
Kjetil Soreide - Stavanger Univ Hosp, Stavanger, Norway
Sergey Soshnikov - Minist Hlth Russian Federat, Fed Res Inst Hlth Org & Informat, Moscow, Russia
Luciano A. Sposato - Western University
Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy - College Station Medical Center
Jeffrey D. Stanaway - University of Washington
Vasiliki Stathopoulou - Attikon Univ Hosp, Athens, Greece
Dan J. Stein - College Station Medical Center
Murray B. Stein - Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
Caitlyn Steiner - University of Washington
Timothy J. Steiner - Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
Antony Stevens - University of Washington
Andrea Stewart - University of Washington
Lars J. Stovner - Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Neurosci, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
Konstantinos Stroumpoulis - Alexandra Gen Hosp Athens, Athens, Greece
Bruno F. Sunguya - Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Soumya Swaminathan - Natl Inst Res TB, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
Mamta Swaroop - Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
Bryan L. Sykes - Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA
Karen M. Tabb - University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Ken Takahashi - Univ Occupat & Environm Hlth, Inst Ind Ecol Sci, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807, Japan
Nikhil Tandon - College Station Medical Center
David Tanne - College Station Medical Center
Marcel Tanner - University of Basel
Mohammad Tavakkoli - College Station Medical Center
Hugh R. Taylor - University of Melbourne
Braden J. Te Ao - Auckland University of Technology
Fabrizio Tediosi - University of Basel
Awoke M. Temesgen - University of Washington
Tara Templin - University of Washington
Margreet Ten Have - Netherlands Inst Mental Hlth & Addict, Utrecht, Netherlands
Eric Y. Tenkorang - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Abdullah S. Terkawi - University of Virginia
Blake Thomson - University of Washington
Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman - Harvard University
Amanda G. Thrift - Monash University
George D. Thurston - Supreme Council Of Health
Taavi Tillmann - University of London
Marcello Tonelli - University of Calgary
Fotis Topouzis - Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Hideaki Toyoshima - Anjo Kosei Hosp, Hlth Care Ctr, Anjo City, Japan
Jefferson Traebert - Univ Southern Santa Catarina, Palhoca, Brazil
Bach X. Tran - Johns Hopkins University
Matias Trillini - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Ranica, Italy
Thomas Truelsen - University of Copenhagen
Miltiadis Tsilimbaris - University of Crete
Emin M. Tuzcu - Cleveland Clin, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Uche S. Uchendu - Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA
Kingsley N. Ukwaja - Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Eduardo A. Undurraga - Brandeis University
Selen B. Uzun - Ankara
Wim H. Van Brakel - Netherlands Leprosy Relief, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Steven Van De Vijver - African Populat & Hlth Res Ctr, Nariobi, Kenya
Coen H. van Gool - British Science Association
Jim Van Os - Maastricht University
Tommi J. Vasankari - UKK Inst Hlth Promot Res, Tampere, Finland
N. Venketasubramanian - Raffles Hosp, Neurosci Ctr, Singapore, Singapore
Francesco S. Violante - University of Bologna
Vasiliy V. Vlassov - Supreme Council Of Health
Stein Emil Vollset - Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway
Gregory R. Wagner - Harvard University
Joseph Wagner - University of Washington
Stephen G. Waller - Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
Xia Wan - University of Washington
Haidong Wang - University of Washington
Jianli Wang - University of Calgary
Linhong Wang - Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention
Tati S. Warouw - Minist Hlth Indonesia, NIHRD, Jakarta, Indonesia
Scott Weichenthal - Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada
Elisabete Weiderpass - Karolinska Institutet
Robert G. Weintraub - University of Melbourne
Wang Wenzhi - Beijing Neurosurg Inst, Beijing, Peoples R China
Andrea Werdecker - College Station Medical Center
Ronny Westerman - Federal Reserve
Harvey A. Whiteford - University of Queensland
James D. Wilkinson - Wayne State University
Thomas N. Williams - University of London
Charles D. Wolfe - Kings Coll London, London, England
Timothy M. Wolock - University of Washington
Anthony D. Woolf - Royal Cornwall Hosp, Truro, England
Sarah Wulf - University of Washington
Brittany Wurtz - University of Washington
Gelin Xu - Nanjing University
Lijing L. Yan - Duke Kunshan University
Yuichiro Yano - Northwestern University
Pengpeng Ye - Chinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention
Goekalp K. Yentur - Ankara
Paul Yip - University of Hong Kong
Naohiro Yonemoto - Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
Seok-Jun Yoon - University of Seoul
Mustafa Z. Younis - Jackson State University
Chuanhua Yu - Supreme Council Of Health
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki - College Station Medical Center
Yong Zhao - College Station Medical Center
Yingfeng Zheng - Sun Yae Sen Univ, Zhongshan Ophthalm Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China
David Zonies - University of Portland
Xiaonong Zou
Joshua A. Salomon - Harvard University
Alan D. Lopez - University of Melbourne
Theo Vos - University of Washington
HALE Collaborator
Publication Details: The Lancet (British edition), Vol.386(10009), pp.2145-2191
Publisher: Elsevier
Number of pages: 47
Grant note: HI13C0729 / Korean Health Technology RAMP;D Project (Ministry of Health AMP; Welfare, Republic of Korea) MR/L003120/1; MR/K006525/1 / Medical Research Council; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC) 20520133474 / Scientific Project for Fudan University German National Cohort Consortium National Health and Medical Research Council; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia 099876 / Wellcome Trust Fellowship in Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Wellcome Trust National Health and Medical Research Council Public Health (Australian) Early Career Fellowship; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Senior Principal Research Fellow; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia National Natural Sciences Foundation of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Brien Holden Vision Institute MR/K006525/1; MR/L003120/1 / MRC; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC) Bill AMP; Melinda Gates Foundation; CGIAR RG/08/014/24067 / British Heart Foundation 2012ZSQN04 / Science Foundation for Young Scholars in Zhongshan Hospital CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems; CGIAR 20110071120060 / Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China; Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (RFDP); Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP) Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) 81200051 / National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars PBBSP3-146869; P300P3-154634 / Swiss National Science Foundation; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) CDF-2013-06-012; RP-PG-0407-10184; NF-SI-0512-10165; NF-SI-0510-10060; NF-SI-0611-10084; ACF-2011-13-012 / National Institute for Health Research; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
Identifiers: 9913219308331
Academic Unit: Alfaisal University; King Abdulaziz University; King Saud University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article