Abstract
The impact of green-fabricated gold nanoparticles on plant cells and non-target aquatic species is scarcely studied. In this research, we reported an environment friendly technique for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using the Sphaeranthus indicus leaf extract. The formation of the metal NPs was characterized by UV–Visible and FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and TEM analyses. The UV–Visible spectra of Au NPs showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 531nm. FT-IR analysis indicated functional bio-molecules associated with Au NPs formation. The crystalline nature of Au nanoparticles was confirmed by their XRD diffraction pattern. TEM revealed the spherical shape with a mean particle size of 25nm. Au NPs was tested at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10% doses in mitotic cell division assays, pollen germination experiments, and in vivo toxicity trials against the aquatic crustacean Artemia nauplii. Au NPs did not show any toxic effects on plant cells and aquatic invertebrates. Notably, Au NPs promoted mitotic cell division in Allium cepa root tip cells and germination of Gloriosa superba pollen grains. Au NPs showed no mortality on A. nauplii, all the tested animals showed 100% survivability. Therefore, these Au NPs have potential applications in the development of pollen germination media and plant tissue culture.
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•The impact of Au NPs on plant cell division and pollen germination is scarcely studied.•We proposed a green synthesis of Au NPs using a cheap Sphaeranthus indicus leaf extract•Leaf extract compounds acted as capping and reducing agents during Au nanosynthesis.•S. indicus-synthesized Au NPs boosted cell division in plant cells and pollen germination.•S. indicus-synthesized Au NPs were not toxic to non-target Artemia nauplii microcrustaceans.