Abstract
Developing floral-based replacement molecules might manage blood-sucking vectors in an eco-friendly way.
(
) aqueous leaf extract (ALE) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were evaluated against mosquitoes (
, and
) and ticks (
, and
) at different concentrations. Phytochemical screening and AgNPs’ synthesis were performed on ALE of
. UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope were used to examine the synthesized
-AgNPs.
ALE included alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, coumarins, anthraquinones, and phenolics.
-AgNPs had a higher LC
(22.19, 23.92, 26.09, 40.25, 51.87, and 60.53 μg·mL
, respectively) than leaf aqueous extract (LAE) against
, and
larvae.
ALE and
-AgNPs’ bio-toxicity was investigated against aquatic and terrestrial non-target species (
, and
) with LC
values ranging from 2,094.5 to 10,532.8 μg·mL
, respectively.
ALE and
-AgNPs had little negative impacts on the chosen non-target fauna. Environmental protection is important nowadays. Green AgNPs are low-cost, readily accessible, environmentally safe, and effective pesticides. Am-AgNPs are effective alternative insecticides, requiring a considerable study on this plant to control blood-sucking vectors for worldwide human/animal health importance.