Abstract
Introduction: Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) estimated to affect more than four hundred million people globally, involving around one million in the US. Those who get chronic hepatitis B die, on average, twenty two years earlier in comparison to those without HBV1 due to the serious complications of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. The effect of HBV is expected to expand in the face of immigration patterns into the US from highly endemic nations. In spite of the approval of many anti-viral medications, few patients are on treatment. There are several reasons behind this, involving the requirement for lifelong treatment, education and awareness of the disease in largely immigrant, non-English-speaking groups, under screening for the condition in primary care settings, and concerns regarding the requirement for liver biopsies to decide on the need for treatment in many patients. Guidelines for hepatitis B treatment have variable suggestions for the management of some phases of the disease, which can lead to confusion for practitioners.
Aim of work: In this review, we will discuss Hepatitis type B Pathophysiology and management
Methodology: We did a systematic search Hepatitis type B Pathophysiology and management using PubMed search engine (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and Google Scholar search engine (https://scholar.google.com). All relevant studies were retrieved and discussed. We only included full articles. Conclusions: Chronic infection with HBV continue to be a critical public health problem. management of hepatitis B is indicated in immune active patients, in those with cirrhosis or fulminant hepatitis B, in prevention of reactivation in HBV carriers who need immunosuppressive or cytotoxic therapies, in pregnant others with high viral load, and in HIV/HBV coinfection. Many of the excellent anti-viral agents that are available require indefinite treatment; so, efforts are being conducted to approaches to improve functional cure rates and permit cessation of therapy. A true virologic cure for HBV is much more elusive, opposite to HCV, because of its highly stable latent form (HBV cccDNA). But, a rich array of viral and host targets is being explored for manipulation. It is probable that a multimodality approach will be important for the achievement of a functional and virologic cure.