Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years

Ashkan Afshin; Mohammad H. Forouzanfar; Marissa B. Reitsma; Patrick Sur; Kara Estep; Alex Lee; Laurie Marczak; Ali H. Mokdad; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Mohsen Naghavi; Joseph S. Salama; Theo Vos; Kalkidan H. Abate; Cristiana Abbafati; Muktar B. Ahmed; Ziyad Al-Aly; Ala'a Alkerwi; Rajaa Al-Raddadi; Azmeraw T. Amare; Alemayehu Amberbir; Adeladza K. Amegah; Erfan Amini; Stephen M. Amrock; Ranjit M. Anjana; Johan Arnlov; Hamid Asayesh; Amitava Banerjee; Aleksandra Barac; Estifanos Baye; Derrick A. Bennett; Addisu S. Beyene; Sibhatu Biadgilign; Stan Biryukov; Espen Bjertness; Dube J. Boneya; Ismael Campos-Nonato; Juan J. Carrero; Pedro Cecilio; Kelly Cercy; Liliana G. Ciobanu; Leslie Cornaby; Solomon A. Damtew; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Samath D. Dharmaratne; Bruce B. Duncan; Babak Eshrati; Alireza Esteghamati; Valery L. Feigin; Joao C. Fernandes; Thomas Furst; Tsegaye T. Gebrehiwot; Audra Gold; Philimon N. Gona; Atsushi Goto; Tesfa D. Habtewold; Kokeb T. Hadush; Nima Hafezi-Nejad; Simon I. Hay; Masako Horino; Farhad Islami; Ritul Kamal; Amir Kasaeian; Srinivasa V. Katikireddi; Andre P. Kengne; Chandrasekharan N. Kesavachandran; Yousef S. Khader; Young-Ho Khang; Jagdish Khubchandani; Daniel Kim; Yun J. Kim; Yohannes Kinfu; Soewarta Kosen; Tiffany Ku; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; G. Anil Kumar; Heidi J. Larson; Mall Leinsalu; Xiaofeng Liang; Stephen S. Lim; Patrick Liu; Alan D. Lopez; Rafael Lozano; Azeem Majeed; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah C. Malta; Mohsen Mazidi; Colm McAlinden; Stephen T. McGarvey; Desalegn T. Mengistu; George A. Mensah; Gert B. M. Mensink; Haftay B. Mezgebe; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Ulrich O. Mueller; Jean J. Noubiap; Carla M. Obermeyer; Felix A. Ogbo; Mayowa O. Owolabi; George C. Patton; Farshad Pourmalek; Mostafa Qorbani; Anwar Rafay; Rajesh K. Rai; Chhabi L. Ranabhat; Nikolas Reinig; Saeid Safiri; Joshua A. Salomon; Juan R. Sanabria; Itamar S. Santos; Benn Sartorius; Monika Sawhney; Josef Schmidhuber; Aletta E. Schutte; Maria I. Schmidt; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Moretza Shamsizadeh; Sara Sheikhbahaei; Min-Jeong Shin; Rahman Shiri; Ivy Shiue; Hirbo S. Roba; Diego A. S. Silva; Jonathan I. Silverberg; Jasvinder A. Singh; Saverio Stranges; Soumya Swaminathan; Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos; Fentaw Tadese; Bemnet A. Tedla; Balewgizie S. Tegegne; Abdullah S. Terkawi; J. S. Thakur; Marcello Tonelli; Roman Topor-Madry; Stefanos Tyrovolas; Kingsley N. Ukwaja; Olalekan A. Uthman; Masoud Vaezghasemi; Tommi Vasankari; Vasiliy V. Vlassov; Stein E. Vollset; Elisabete Weiderpass; Andrea Werdecker; Joshua Wesana; Ronny Westerman; Yuichiro Yano; Naohiro Yonemoto; Gerald Yonga; Zoubida Zaidi; Zerihun M. Zenebe; Ben Zipkin; Christopher J. L. Murray; GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators

doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1614362

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Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years

Ashkan Afshin, Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, Marissa B. Reitsma, Patrick Sur, Kara Estep, Alex Lee, Laurie Marczak, Ali H. Mokdad, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Mohsen Naghavi, …

The New England journal of medicine, Vol.377(1), pp.13-27

06/07/2017

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1614362

PMCID: PMC5477817

PMID: 28604169

Abstract

General & Internal Medicine

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Medicine, General & Internal

Science & Technology

BACKGROUND Although the rising pandemic of obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remain uncertain. METHODS We analyzed data from 68.5 million persons to assess the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adults between 1980 and 2015. Using the Global Burden of Disease study data and methods, we also quantified the burden of disease related to high body-mass index (BMI), according to age, sex, cause, and BMI in 195 countries between 1990 and 2015. RESULTS In 2015, a total of 107.7 million children and 603.7 million adults were obese. Since 1980, the prevalence of obesity has doubled in more than 70 countries and has continuously increased in most other countries. Although the prevalence of obesity among children has been lower than that among adults, the rate of increase in childhood obesity in many countries has been greater than the rate of increase in adult obesity. High BMI accounted for 4.0 million deaths globally, nearly 40% of which occurred in persons who were not obese. More than two thirds of deaths related to high BMI were due to cardiovascular disease. The disease burden related to high BMI has increased since 1990; however, the rate of this increase has been attenuated owing to decreases in underlying rates of death from cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS The rapid increase in the prevalence and disease burden of elevated BMI highlights the need for continued focus on surveillance of BMI and identification, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions to address this problem. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.)

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Title: Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years
Creators - without role: Ashkan Afshin - University of Washington
Mohammad H. Forouzanfar - University of Washington
Marissa B. Reitsma - University of Washington
Patrick Sur - University of Washington
Kara Estep - University of Washington
Alex Lee - University of Washington
Laurie Marczak - University of Washington
Ali H. Mokdad - University of Washington
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh - University of Washington
Mohsen Naghavi - University of Washington
Joseph S. Salama - University of Washington
Theo Vos - University of Washington
Kalkidan H. Abate - Jimma University
Cristiana Abbafati - Sapienza University of Rome
Muktar B. Ahmed - Jimma University
Ziyad Al-Aly - Supreme Council Of Health
Ala'a Alkerwi - Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg
Rajaa Al-Raddadi - College Station Medical Center
Azmeraw T. Amare - Bahir Dar University
Alemayehu Amberbir - Dignitas Int, Zomba, Malawi
Adeladza K. Amegah - University of Cape Coast
Erfan Amini - University of Tehran
Stephen M. Amrock - University of Portland
Ranjit M. Anjana - Madras Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
Johan Arnlov - Dalarna University
Hamid Asayesh - College Station Medical Center
Amitava Banerjee - Farr Institute
Aleksandra Barac - University of Belgrade
Estifanos Baye - Wollo University
Derrick A. Bennett - University of Oxford
Addisu S. Beyene - Haramaya University
Sibhatu Biadgilign - Independent Publ Hlth Consultants, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Stan Biryukov - University of Washington
Espen Bjertness - University of Oslo
Dube J. Boneya - Debre Markos University
Ismael Campos-Nonato - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Juan J. Carrero - Karolinska Institutet
Pedro Cecilio - Universidade do Porto
Kelly Cercy - University of Washington
Liliana G. Ciobanu - University of Adelaide
Leslie Cornaby - University of Washington
Solomon A. Damtew - Addis Ababa University
Lalit Dandona - University of Washington
Rakhi Dandona - University of Washington
Samath D. Dharmaratne - University of Peradeniya
Bruce B. Duncan - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Babak Eshrati - Arak University
Alireza Esteghamati - Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Valery L. Feigin - University of Washington
Joao C. Fernandes - Universidade Católica Portuguesa
Thomas Furst - Imperial Coll London, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England
Tsegaye T. Gebrehiwot - Jimma University
Audra Gold - University of Washington
Philimon N. Gona - University of Massachusetts Boston
Atsushi Goto - Natl Canc Ctr, Div Epidemiol, Ctr Publ Hlth Sci, Tokyo, Japan
Tesfa D. Habtewold - Debre Berhan University
Kokeb T. Hadush - Ambo University
Nima Hafezi-Nejad - Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Simon I. Hay - University of Washington
Masako Horino - Bur Child Family & Community Wellness, Nevada Div Publ & Behav Hlth, Carson, CA USA
Farhad Islami - Amer Canc Soc, Surveillance & Hlth Serv Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA
Ritul Kamal - CSIR, Indian Inst Toxicol Res, Epidemiol Div, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Amir Kasaeian - Endrocrinol & Metab Populat Sci Inst, Tehran, Iran
Srinivasa V. Katikireddi - University of Glasgow
Andre P. Kengne - College Station Medical Center
Chandrasekharan N. Kesavachandran - CSIR, Indian Inst Toxicol Res, Epidemiol Div, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Yousef S. Khader - College Station Medical Center
Young-Ho Khang - College Station Medical Center
Jagdish Khubchandani - Ball State University
Daniel Kim - Northeastern Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Yun J. Kim - Southern Univ Coll, Fac Chinese Med, Johor Baharu, Malaysia
Yohannes Kinfu - University of Canberra
Soewarta Kosen - Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia
Tiffany Ku - University of Washington
Barthelemy Kuate Defo - College Station Medical Center
G. Anil Kumar - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurgaon, India
Heidi J. Larson - University of Washington
Mall Leinsalu - Södertörn University
Xiaofeng Liang - Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China
Stephen S. Lim - University of Washington
Patrick Liu - University of Washington
Alan D. Lopez - University of Melbourne
Rafael Lozano - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Azeem Majeed - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Reza Malekzadeh - Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Deborah C. Malta - Federal Reserve
Mohsen Mazidi - Chinese Acad Sci, Key State Lab Mol Dev Biol, Inst Genet & Dev Biol, Beijing, Peoples R China
Colm McAlinden - Avon
Stephen T. McGarvey - Brown University
Desalegn T. Mengistu - Mekelle University
George A. Mensah - NHLBI, NIH, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Gert B. M. Mensink - Robert Koch Institute
Haftay B. Mezgebe - Mekelle University
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov - Natl Ctr Cardiol & Internal Dis, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Ulrich O. Mueller - Federal Reserve
Jean J. Noubiap - Groote Schuur Hosp, Cape Town, South Africa
Carla M. Obermeyer - Amer Univ Beirut, Ctr Res Populat & Hlth, Fac Hlth Sci, Beirut, Lebanon
Felix A. Ogbo - Western Sydney University
Mayowa O. Owolabi - University of Ibadan
George C. Patton - University of Melbourne
Farshad Pourmalek - University of British Columbia
Mostafa Qorbani - College Station Medical Center
Anwar Rafay - Contech
Rajesh K. Rai - Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Suri, India
Chhabi L. Ranabhat - Yonsei University
Nikolas Reinig - University of Washington
Saeid Safiri - Supreme Council Of Health
Joshua A. Salomon - Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA USA
Juan R. Sanabria - Case Western Reserve University
Itamar S. Santos - Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Benn Sartorius - College Station Medical Center
Monika Sawhney - Marshall University
Josef Schmidhuber - Food & Agr Org, Global Perspect Studies Unit, Rome, Italy
Aletta E. Schutte - College Station Medical Center
Maria I. Schmidt - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Sadaf G. Sepanlou - Digest Dis Res Inst, Tehran, Iran
Moretza Shamsizadeh - Supreme Council Of Health
Sara Sheikhbahaei - Endocrinol & Metab Res Ctr, Tehran, Iran
Min-Jeong Shin - Korea Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Seoul, South Korea
Rahman Shiri - Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland
Ivy Shiue - Northumbria University
Hirbo S. Roba - Haramaya University
Diego A. S. Silva - Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
Jonathan I. Silverberg - Supreme Council Of Health
Jasvinder A. Singh - University of Alabama
Saverio Stranges - Luxembourg Inst Hlth, Dept Populat Hlth, Strassen, Luxembourg
Soumya Swaminathan - College Station Medical Center
Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos - Universitat de València
Fentaw Tadese - Wollo University
Bemnet A. Tedla - University of Gondar
Balewgizie S. Tegegne - Haramaya University
Abdullah S. Terkawi - College Station Medical Center
J. S. Thakur - Supreme Council Of Health
Marcello Tonelli - University of Calgary
Roman Topor-Madry - Jagiellonian University
Stefanos Tyrovolas - Universitat de Barcelona
Kingsley N. Ukwaja - Fed Teaching Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Olalekan A. Uthman - University of Warwick
Masoud Vaezghasemi - Umeå University
Tommi Vasankari - UKK Inst Hlth Promot Res, Tampere, Finland
Vasiliy V. Vlassov - Supreme Council Of Health
Stein E. Vollset - University of Washington
Elisabete Weiderpass - Karolinska Institutet
Andrea Werdecker - Federal Reserve
Joshua Wesana - Univ Ghent, Fac Biosci Engn, Ghent, Belgium
Ronny Westerman - Federal Reserve
Yuichiro Yano - Northwestern Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
Naohiro Yonemoto - Kyoto University
Gerald Yonga - Aga Khan Univ, East Africa, NCD Res Policy Unit, Nairobi, Kenya
Zoubida Zaidi - Univ Hosp, Setif, Algeria
Zerihun M. Zenebe - Mekelle University
Ben Zipkin - University of Washington
Christopher J. L. Murray - University of Washington
GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators
Publication Details: The New England journal of medicine, Vol.377(1), pp.13-27
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Soc
Number of pages: 15
Grant note: MC_UU_12017/13 / MRC; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC) MC_UU_12017/13 / Medical Research Council; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC) SCAF/15/02; SPHSU13 / Chief Scientist Office Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Identifiers: 9937778008331
Academic Unit: King Abdulaziz University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article