Abstract
Heat transfer enhancements are investigated inside channels by controlling thermal dispersion effects inside the fluid. Different distributions for the dispersive elements such as nanoparticles or flexible hairy fins extending from the channel plates are considered. Energy equations for different fluid regions are dimensionalized and solved analytically and numerically. The boundary arrangement and the exponential distribution for the dispersive elements are found to produce enhancements in heat transfer compared to the case with a uniform distribution for the dispersive elements. The presence of the dispersive elements in the core region does not affect the heat transfer rate. Moreover, the maximum Nusselt number for analyzed distributions of the dispersive elements are found to be 21% higher than that with uniformly distributed dispersive elements for a uniform flow. On the other hand, the parabolic velocity profile is found to produce a maximum Nusselt number that is 12% higher than that with uniformly distributed dispersive elements for the boundary arrangement. The distribution of the dispersive elements that maximizes the heat transfer is governed by the flow and thermal conditions plus the properties of the dispersive elements. Results in this work point towards preparation of super nanofluids or super dispersive media with enhanced cooling characteristics. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.