Abstract
Relaxor ferroelectric materials with high-energy density and efficiency are suitable for energy-storage applications. The multifaceted effort to develop these capacitors focuses on improving their energy density and storage efficiency and ensuring their reliable operation over various temperatures and frequencies. Accordingly, a co-doping strategy has been proposed to achieve high energy-storage performance of the BaTiO3 ceramics. Using the conventional solid-state reaction method, we synthesized the La3+ and Li+ co-doped BaTi0.96Ni0.04O3 using the general formula Ba(1-x)[La-0.50,Li-0.50](x)Ti0.96Ni0.04O3 (2% <= x <= 8%) abbreviated as BLLNTx ceramics. A relaxor ferroelectric has been obtained by co-doping of La3+ and Li+ into BT lattice. As a result, the remnant polarization decreased, leading to high energy-storage density and high-energy efficiency. The La3+ and Li+ co-doping BNT ceramics display a high energy-storage density of W-re = 0.685 J/cm(3) and high-energy efficiency of over 93% under a driving electric field of 110 kV/cm. Meanwhile, the superior stability of the hysteresis loop at the frequency (1-50 Hz) and temperature (25-55 degrees C) is also observed. From the obtained results, we believe that La3+ and Li+-modified BNT ceramics may be a promising candidate for applications of lead-free energy-storage capacitors.