Abstract
Smoking considered being one of the oldest habits. It demonstrated that smoking has many disease-causing effects. This study examined the effects of red grape juice on liver tissue, liver function, and blood parameters in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Fifty rats randomly divided into five groups: Group I; Control animals, Group II; rats exposed to cigarette smoke, Group III; rats exposed to cigarette smoke and treated with red grape juice, Group IV; rats fed with red grape juice only. Group V: rats exposed to smoking for a month and then left without exposure for another month (effect of smoking withdrawal). At the end of the experiment, blood samples analyzed for liver enzymes and complete blood cell count. Liver and body weights recorded. The liver tissue stained with H&E and subjected to histopathological analysis. Statistical analysis done among all groups and significance of results compared. The level of liver enzymes and white blood cells in animals of Group II increased significantly compared to Group I. Several histopathological changes in liver tissue were observed in Group II such as necrosis, inflammatory cellular infiltration leading to granulomas, also noted dilatation, congestion in the portal tract and vascular blood vessels, while Group III showed near-normal liver tissue and biochemical measurements. Group V did not show any improvement in biochemical and histological parameters. The present study shows that red grape juice is an effective antioxidant that decreases liver tissue damage in rats exposed to cigarette smoke.