Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height

Hana Lango Allen; Karol Estrada; Guillaume Lettre; Sonja I. Berndt; Michael N. Weedon; Fernando Rivadeneira; Cristen J. Willer; Anne U. Jackson; Sailaja Vedantam; Soumya Raychaudhuri; Teresa Ferreira; Andrew R. Wood; Robert J. Weyant; Ayellet V. Segre; Elizabeth K. Speliotes; Eleanor Wheeler; Nicole Soranzo; Ju-Hyun Park; Jian Yang; Daniel Gudbjartsson; Nancy L. Heard-Costa; Joshua C. Randall; Lu Qi; Albert Vernon Smith; Reedik Maegi; Tomi Pastinen; Liming Liang; Iris M. Heid; Jian'an Luan; Gudmar Thorleifsson; Thomas W. Winkler; Michael E. Goddard; Ken Sin Lo; Cameron Palmer; Tsegaselassie Workalemahu; Yurii S. Aulchenko; Asa Johansson; M. Carola Zillikens; Mary F. Feitosa; Tonu Esko; Toby Johnson; Shamika Ketkar; Peter Kraft; Massimo Mangino; Inga Prokopenko; Devin Absher; Eva Albrecht; Florian Ernst; Nicole L. Glazer; Caroline Hayward; Jouke-Jan Hottenga; Kevin B. Jacobs; Joshua W. Knowles; Zoltan Kutalik; Keri L. Monda; Ozren Polasek; Michael Preuss; Nigel W. Rayner; Neil R. Robertson; Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir; Jonathan P. Tyrer; Benjamin F. Voight; Fredrik Wiklund; Jianfeng Xu; Jing Hua Zhao; Dale R. Nyholt; Niina Pellikka; Markus Perola; John R. B. Perry; Ida Surakka; Mari-Liis Tammesoo; Elizabeth L. Altmaier; Najaf Amin; Thor Aspelund; Tushar Bhangale; Gabrielle Boucher; Daniel I. Chasman; Constance Chen; Lachlan Coin; Matthew N. Cooper; Anna L. Dixon; Quince Gibson; Elin Grundberg; Ke Hao; M. Juhani Junttila; Lee M. Kaplan; Johannes Kettunen; Inke R. Koenig; Tony Kwan; Robert W. Lawrence; Douglas F. Levinson; Mattias Lorentzon; Barbara McKnight; Andrew P. Morris; Martina Mueller; Julius Suh Ngwa; Shaun Purcell; Suzanne Rafelt; Rany M. Salem; Erika Salvi; Serena Sanna; Jianxin Shi; Ulla Sovio; John R. Thompson; Michael C. Turchin; Liesbeth Vandenput; Dominique J. Verlaan; Veronique Vitart; Charles C. White; Andreas Ziegler; Peter Almgren; Anthony J. Balmforth; Harry Campbell; Lorena Citterio; Alessandro De Grandi; Anna Dominiczak; Jubao Duan; Paul Elliott; Roberto Elosua; Johan G. Eriksson; Nelson B. Freimer; Eco J. C. Geus; Nicola Glorioso; Shen Haiqing; Anna-Liisa Hartikainen; Aki S. Havulinna; Andrew A. Hicks; Jennie Hui; Wilmar Igl; Thomas Illig; Antti Jula; Eero Kajantie; Tuomas O. Kilpelaeinen; Markku Koiranen; Ivana Kolcic; Seppo Koskinen; Peter Kovacs; Jaana Laitinen; Jianjun Liu; Marja-Liisa Lokki; Ana Marusic; Andrea Maschio; Thomas Meitinger; Antonella Mulas; Guillaume Pare; Alex N. Parker; John F. Peden; Astrid Petersmann; Irene Pichler; Kirsi H. Pietilainen; Anneli Pouta; Martin Riddertrale; Jerome I. Rotter; Jennifer G. Sambrook; Alan R. Sanders; Carsten Oliver Schmidt; Juha Sinisalo; Jan H. Smit; Heather M. Stringham; G. Bragi Walters; Elisabeth Widen; Sarah H. Wild; Gonneke Willemsen; Laura Zagato; Lina Zgaga; Paavo Zitting; Helene Alavere; Martin Farrall; Wendy L. McArdle; Mari Nelis; Marjolein J. Peters; Samuli Ripatti; Joyce B. J. vVan Meurs; Katja K. Aben; Kristin G. Ardlie; Jacques S. Beckmann; John P. Beilby; Richard N. Bergman; Sven Bergmann; Francis S. Collins; Daniele Cusi; Martin den Heijer; Gudny Eiriksdottir; Pablo V. Gejman; Alistair S. Hall; Anders Hamsten; Heikki V. Huikuri; Carlos Iribarren; Mika Kahonen; Jaakko Kaprio; Sekar Kathiresan; Lambertus Kiemeney; Thomas Kocher; Lenore J. Launer; Terho Lehtimaki; Olle Melander; Tom H. Mosley; Arthur W. Musk; Markku S. Nieminen; Christopher J. O'Donnell; Claes Ohlsson; Ben Oostra; Lyle J. Palmer; Olli Raitakari; Paul M. Ridker; John D. Rioux; Aila Rissanen; Carlo Rivolta; Heribert Schunkert; Alan R. Shuldiner; David S. Siscovick; Michael Stumvoll; Anke Toenjes; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Gert-Jan van Ommen; Jorma Viikari; Andrew C. Heath; Nicholas G. Martin; Grant W. Montgomery; Michael A. Province; Manfred Kayser; Alice M. Arnold; Larry D. Atwood; Eric Boerwinkle; Stephen J. Chanock; Panos Deloukas; Christian Gieger; Henrik Gronberg; Per Hall; Andrew T. Hattersley; Christian Hengstenberg; Wolfgang Hoffman; G. Mark Lathrop; Veikko Salomaa; Stefan Schreiber; Manuela Uda; Dawn Waterworth; Alan F. Wright; Themistocles L. Assimes; Ines Barroso; Albert Hofman; Karen L. Mohlke; Dorret I. Boomsma; Mark J. Caulfield; L. Adrienne Cupples; Jeanette Erdmann; Caroline S. Fox; Vilmundur Gudnason; Ulf Gyllensten; Tamara B. Harris; Richard B. Hayes; Marjo-Ritta Jarvelin; Vincent Mooser; Patricia B. Munroe; Willem H. Ouwehand; Brenda W. Penninx; Peter P. Pramstaller; Thomas Quertermous; Igor Rudan; Nilesh J. Samani; Timothy D. Spector; Henry Voelzke; Hugh Watkins; James F. Wilson; Leif C. Groop; Talin Haritunians; Frank B. Hu; Robert C. Kaplan; Andres Metspalu; Kari E. North; David Schlessinger; Nicholas J. Wareham; David J. Hunter; Jeffrey R. O'Connell; David P. Strachan; H. -Erich Schadt; Unnur Thorsteinsdottir; Leena Peltonen; Andre G. Uitterlinden; Peter M. Visscher; Nilanjan Chatterjee; Ruth J. F. Loos; Michael Boehnke; Mark I. McCarthy; Erik Ingelsson; Cecilia M. Lindgren; Goncalo R. Abecasis; Kari Stefansson; Timothy M. Frayling; Joel N. Hirschhorn; Procardis Consortium

doi:10.1038/nature09410

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Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height

Journal article

Peer reviewed

Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height

Hana Lango Allen, Karol Estrada, Guillaume Lettre, Sonja I. Berndt, Michael N. Weedon, Fernando Rivadeneira, Cristen J. Willer, Anne U. Jackson, Sailaja Vedantam, Soumya Raychaudhuri, …

Nature (London), Vol.467(7317), pp.832-838

2010

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09410

PMCID: PMC2955183

PMID: 20881960

Abstract

Multidisciplinary Sciences

Science & Technology

Science & Technology - Other Topics

Most common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits(1), but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait(2,3). The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways.

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Title: Hundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height
Creators - without role: Hana Lango Allen - University of Exeter
Karol Estrada - Supreme Council Of Health
Guillaume Lettre - Montreal Heart Institute
Sonja I. Berndt - Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Divis Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Michael N. Weedon - University of Exeter
Fernando Rivadeneira - Supreme Council Of Health
Cristen J. Willer - Biostat
Anne U. Jackson - Biostat
Sailaja Vedantam - Childrens Hosp, Div Genet & Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Soumya Raychaudhuri - College Station Medical Center
Teresa Ferreira - University of Oxford
Andrew R. Wood - University of Exeter
Robert J. Weyant - Biostat
Ayellet V. Segre - College Station Medical Center
Elizabeth K. Speliotes - Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Eleanor Wheeler - Wellcome Sanger Institute
Nicole Soranzo - Wellcome Sanger Institute
Ju-Hyun Park - Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Divis Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Jian Yang - College Station Medical Center
Daniel Gudbjartsson - deCODE Genet, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
Nancy L. Heard-Costa - Boston University
Joshua C. Randall - University of Oxford
Lu Qi - Harvard University
Albert Vernon Smith - Iceland Heart Assoc, Kopavogur, Iceland
Reedik Maegi - University of Oxford
Tomi Pastinen - McGill University
Liming Liang - Harvard University
Iris M. Heid - University of Regensburg
Jian'an Luan - The Metropolitan Opera
Gudmar Thorleifsson - deCODE Genet, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
Thomas W. Winkler - University of Regensburg
Michael E. Goddard - University of Melbourne
Ken Sin Lo - Montreal Heart Institute
Cameron Palmer - Childrens Hosp, Div Genet & Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Tsegaselassie Workalemahu - Harvard University
Yurii S. Aulchenko - Supreme Council Of Health
Asa Johansson - Uppsala University
M. Carola Zillikens - Erasmus MC
Mary F. Feitosa - Supreme Council Of Health
Tonu Esko - University of Tartu
Toby Johnson - University of Lausanne
Shamika Ketkar - Supreme Council Of Health
Peter Kraft - Harvard University
Massimo Mangino - Kings Coll London, Dept Twin Res & Genet Epidemiol, London SE1 7EH, England
Inga Prokopenko - University of Oxford
Devin Absher - Association of Local Public Health Agencies
Eva Albrecht - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Florian Ernst - University of Greifswald
Nicole L. Glazer - University of Washington
Caroline Hayward - College Station Medical Center
Jouke-Jan Hottenga - University of Amsterdam
Kevin B. Jacobs - NCI Frederick, SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA
Joshua W. Knowles - Stanford University
Zoltan Kutalik - University of Lausanne
Keri L. Monda - Supreme Council Of Health
Ozren Polasek - University of Zagreb
Michael Preuss - University of Lübeck
Nigel W. Rayner - University of Oxford
Neil R. Robertson - University of Oxford
Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir - deCODE Genet, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
Jonathan P. Tyrer - University of Cambridge
Benjamin F. Voight - College Station Medical Center
Fredrik Wiklund - University of Washington
Jianfeng Xu - College Station Medical Center
Jing Hua Zhao - Addenbrookes Hosp, Inst Met Sci, MRC Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England
Dale R. Nyholt - College Station Medical Center
Niina Pellikka - University of Helsinki
Markus Perola - University of Helsinki
John R. B. Perry - University of Exeter
Ida Surakka - University of Helsinki
Mari-Liis Tammesoo - University of Tartu
Elizabeth L. Altmaier - Childrens Hosp, Div Genet & Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Najaf Amin - Supreme Council Of Health
Thor Aspelund - Iceland Heart Assoc, Kopavogur, Iceland
Tushar Bhangale - University of Washington
Gabrielle Boucher - Montreal Heart Institute
Daniel I. Chasman - Brigham and Women's Hospital
Constance Chen - Harvard University
Lachlan Coin - University of London
Matthew N. Cooper - University of Western Australia
Anna L. Dixon - University of Bath
Quince Gibson - Supreme Council Of Health
Elin Grundberg - Wellcome Sanger Institute
Ke Hao - Merck
M. Juhani Junttila - University of Oulu
Lee M. Kaplan - Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Gastroenterol, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Johannes Kettunen - University of Helsinki
Inke R. Koenig - University of Lübeck
Tony Kwan - McGill University
Robert W. Lawrence - University of Western Australia
Douglas F. Levinson - Stanford University
Mattias Lorentzon - University of Gothenburg
Barbara McKnight - University of Washington
Andrew P. Morris - University of Oxford
Martina Mueller - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Julius Suh Ngwa - Boston University
Shaun Purcell - Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Human Genet Res, Boston, MA 02114 USA
Suzanne Rafelt - University of Leicester
Rany M. Salem - Childrens Hosp, Div Genet & Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Erika Salvi - University of Milan
Serena Sanna - Ist Neurogenet & Neurofarmacol CNR, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy
Jianxin Shi - Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Divis Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Ulla Sovio - University of London
John R. Thompson - Glenfield Hosp, Leicester NIHR Biomed Res Unit Cardiovasc Dis, Leicester LE3 9QP, Leics, England
Michael C. Turchin - Childrens Hosp, Div Genet & Endocrinol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
Liesbeth Vandenput - University of Gothenburg
Dominique J. Verlaan - McGill University
Veronique Vitart - College Station Medical Center
Charles C. White - Boston University
Andreas Ziegler - University of Lübeck
Peter Almgren - Lund University
Anthony J. Balmforth - University of Leeds
Harry Campbell - University of Edinburgh
Lorena Citterio - Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele, Div Nephrol & Dialysis, I-20132 Milan, Italy
Alessandro De Grandi - College Station Medical Center
Anna Dominiczak - College Station Medical Center
Jubao Duan - Northshore Univ Healthsyst, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
Paul Elliott - University of London
Roberto Elosua - Medica
Johan G. Eriksson - Medica
Nelson B. Freimer - Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Neurobehav Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
Eco J. C. Geus - University of Amsterdam
Nicola Glorioso - University of Sassari
Shen Haiqing - Supreme Council Of Health
Anna-Liisa Hartikainen - University of Oulu
Aki S. Havulinna - Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Chron Dis Prevent, Chron Dis Epidemiol & Prevent Unit, Helsinki 00014, Finland
Andrew A. Hicks - College Station Medical Center
Jennie Hui - University of Western Australia
Wilmar Igl - Uppsala University
Thomas Illig - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Antti Jula - Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Chron Dis Prevent, Populat Studies Unit, Turku 20720, Finland
Eero Kajantie - Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Helsinki 00271, Finland
Tuomas O. Kilpelaeinen - Addenbrookes Hosp, Inst Met Sci, MRC Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England
Markku Koiranen - University of Oulu
Ivana Kolcic - University of Zagreb
Seppo Koskinen - Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Chron Dis Prevent, Chron Dis Epidemiol & Prevent Unit, Helsinki 00014, Finland
Peter Kovacs - Univ Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Ctr Clin Res, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
Jaana Laitinen - Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Oulu 90220, Finland
Jianjun Liu - Genome Institute of Singapore
Marja-Liisa Lokki - University of Helsinki
Ana Marusic - University of Split
Andrea Maschio - Ist Neurogenet & Neurofarmacol CNR, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy
Thomas Meitinger - Klinikum Rechts Isar Techn Univ Mu nchen, Inst Human Genet, D-81675 Munich, Germany
Antonella Mulas - Ist Neurogenet & Neurofarmacol CNR, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy
Guillaume Pare - McMaster University
Alex N. Parker - Amgen
John F. Peden - University of Oxford
Astrid Petersmann - University of Greifswald
Irene Pichler - College Station Medical Center
Kirsi H. Pietilainen - Harvard University
Anneli Pouta - University of Oulu
Martin Riddertrale - Lund University
Jerome I. Rotter
Jennifer G. Sambrook - University of Cambridge
Alan R. Sanders - Northshore Univ Healthsyst, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
Carsten Oliver Schmidt - College Station Medical Center
Juha Sinisalo - University of Helsinki
Jan H. Smit - University of Amsterdam
Heather M. Stringham - Biostat
G. Bragi Walters - deCODE Genet, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
Elisabeth Widen - University of Helsinki
Sarah H. Wild - University of Edinburgh
Gonneke Willemsen - University of Amsterdam
Laura Zagato - Univ Vita Salute San Raffaele, Div Nephrol & Dialysis, I-20132 Milan, Italy
Lina Zgaga - University of Zagreb
Paavo Zitting - Lapland Cent Hosp, Dept Physiat, Rovaniemi 96101, Finland
Helene Alavere - University of Tartu
Martin Farrall - University of Oxford
Wendy L. McArdle - University of Bristol
Mari Nelis - University of Tartu
Marjolein J. Peters - Erasmus MC
Samuli Ripatti - University of Helsinki
Joyce B. J. vVan Meurs - Supreme Council Of Health
Katja K. Aben - Comprehens Canc Ctr E, NL-6501 BG Nijmegen, Netherlands
Kristin G. Ardlie - College Station Medical Center
Jacques S. Beckmann - University of Lausanne
John P. Beilby - College Station Medical Center
Richard N. Bergman - Supreme Council Of Health
Sven Bergmann - University of Lausanne
Francis S. Collins - Natl Human Genome Res Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Daniele Cusi - University of Milan
Martin den Heijer - Radboud University Nijmegen
Gudny Eiriksdottir - Iceland Heart Assoc, Kopavogur, Iceland
Pablo V. Gejman - Northshore Univ Healthsyst, Evanston, IL 60201 USA
Alistair S. Hall - University of Leeds
Anders Hamsten - Karolinska Institutet
Heikki V. Huikuri - University of Oulu
Carlos Iribarren - Kaiser Permanente
Mika Kahonen - University of Tampere
Jaakko Kaprio - Harvard University
Sekar Kathiresan - College Station Medical Center
Lambertus Kiemeney - Comprehens Canc Ctr E, NL-6501 BG Nijmegen, Netherlands
Thomas Kocher - Zentrum Zahn Mund & Kieferheilkunde, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
Lenore J. Launer - Natl Inst Hlth, NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demog, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Terho Lehtimaki - University of Tampere
Olle Melander - Lund University
Tom H. Mosley - University of Mississippi
Arthur W. Musk - College Station Medical Center
Markku S. Nieminen - University of Helsinki
Christopher J. O'Donnell - Boston University
Claes Ohlsson - University of Gothenburg
Ben Oostra - Erasmus MC
Lyle J. Palmer - University of Western Australia
Olli Raitakari - College Station Medical Center
Paul M. Ridker - Brigham and Women's Hospital
John D. Rioux - Montreal Heart Institute
Aila Rissanen - University of Helsinki
Carlo Rivolta - University of Lausanne
Heribert Schunkert - University of Lübeck
Alan R. Shuldiner - Wake Forest University
David S. Siscovick - University of Washington
Michael Stumvoll - College Station Medical Center
Anke Toenjes - College Station Medical Center
Jaakko Tuomilehto - Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Diabet Prevent Unit, Helsinki 00271, Finland
Gert-Jan van Ommen - Leiden University
Jorma Viikari - University of Turku
Andrew C. Heath - MRIGlobal
Nicholas G. Martin - College Station Medical Center
Grant W. Montgomery - College Station Medical Center
Michael A. Province - Supreme Council Of Health
Manfred Kayser - Erasmus MC
Alice M. Arnold - University of Washington
Larry D. Atwood - Boston University
Eric Boerwinkle - Univ Texas Houston, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Human Genet, Houston, TX 77030 USA
Stephen J. Chanock - Wellcome Sanger Institute
Panos Deloukas - Wellcome Sanger Institute
Christian Gieger - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Henrik Gronberg - Karolinska Institutet
Per Hall - Karolinska Institutet
Andrew T. Hattersley - University of Exeter
Christian Hengstenberg - University of Regensburg
Wolfgang Hoffman - College Station Medical Center
G. Mark Lathrop - Ctr Natl Genotypage, F-91057 Paris, France
Veikko Salomaa - Natl Inst Hlth & Welf, Dept Chron Dis Prevent, Chron Dis Epidemiol & Prevent Unit, Helsinki 00014, Finland
Stefan Schreiber - Broad Institute
Manuela Uda - Ist Neurogenet & Neurofarmacol CNR, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy
Dawn Waterworth - GlaxoSmithKline
Alan F. Wright - College Station Medical Center
Themistocles L. Assimes - Stanford University
Ines Barroso - Wellcome Sanger Institute
Albert Hofman - Supreme Council Of Health
Karen L. Mohlke
Dorret I. Boomsma - University of Amsterdam
Mark J. Caulfield - University of London
L. Adrienne Cupples - Boston University
Jeanette Erdmann - University of Lübeck
Caroline S. Fox - NHLBI, Div Intramural Res, Framingham, MA 01702 USA
Vilmundur Gudnason - Iceland Heart Assoc, Kopavogur, Iceland
Ulf Gyllensten - Uppsala University
Tamara B. Harris - Natl Inst Hlth, NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demog, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Richard B. Hayes - College Station Medical Center
Marjo-Ritta Jarvelin - University of Oulu
Vincent Mooser - GlaxoSmithKline
Patricia B. Munroe - University of London
Willem H. Ouwehand - Wellcome Sanger Institute
Brenda W. Penninx - University of Amsterdam
Peter P. Pramstaller - College Station Medical Center
Thomas Quertermous - Stanford University
Igor Rudan - College Station Medical Center
Nilesh J. Samani - University of Leicester
Timothy D. Spector - Kings Coll London, Dept Twin Res & Genet Epidemiol, London SE1 7EH, England
Henry Voelzke - College Station Medical Center
Hugh Watkins - University of Oxford
James F. Wilson - University of Edinburgh
Leif C. Groop - Lund University
Talin Haritunians
Frank B. Hu - Harvard University
Robert C. Kaplan - Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Andres Metspalu - Estonian Bioctr, EE-51010 Tartu, Estonia
Kari E. North - Supreme Council Of Health
David Schlessinger - NIA, Genet Lab, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
Nicholas J. Wareham - The Metropolitan Opera
David J. Hunter - Harvard University
Jeffrey R. O'Connell - Supreme Council Of Health
David P. Strachan - University of Glasgow
H. -Erich Schadt - Helmholtz Zentrum München
Unnur Thorsteinsdottir - deCODE Genet, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
Leena Peltonen - Wellcome Sanger Institute
Andre G. Uitterlinden - Supreme Council Of Health
Peter M. Visscher - College Station Medical Center
Nilanjan Chatterjee - Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Divis Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Ruth J. F. Loos - Addenbrookes Hosp, Inst Met Sci, MRC Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, England
Michael Boehnke - Biostat
Mark I. McCarthy - University of Oxford
Erik Ingelsson - Karolinska Institutet
Cecilia M. Lindgren - University of Oxford
Goncalo R. Abecasis - Biostat
Kari Stefansson - deCODE Genet, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland
Timothy M. Frayling - University of Exeter
Joel N. Hirschhorn - Harvard University
Procardis Consortium
Publication Details: Nature (London), Vol.467(7317), pp.832-838
Publisher: Springer Nature
Number of pages: 7
Grant note: Torsten and Ragnar Soderberg's Foundation Finska Lakaresallskapet 014-93-015 / Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly Support for Science Funding programme German Ministry of Cultural Affairs Vastra Gotaland Foundation ALF/LUA Gothenburg National Cancer Institute; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) 050-060-810 / Netherlands Genomics Initiative/Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging 072960; 075491; 079557; 079895; 083270; 068545/Z/02; 076113/B/04/Z; 076113/C/04/Z; 077016/Z/05/Z; 081682/Z/06/Z; 084183/Z/07/Z; 085301/Z/08/Z; 086596/Z/08/Z; 091746/Z/10/Z / Wellcome Trust Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Swedish Foundation for Humanities & Social Sciences Fondation LeDucq; Leducq Foundation German Network of Diabetes Swiss National Science Foundation; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) GEN-AU 01GS0823; 01ZZ0103; 01ZZ0403; 01ZZ9603; 03ZIK012 / German National Genome Research Net Emil and Vera Cornell Foundation Finnish Diabetes Research Society Genetic Association Information Network 263-MA-410953; AA014041; AA07535; AA10248; AA13320; AA13321; AA13326; CA047988; CA49449; CA50385; CA65725; CA67262; CA87969; DA12854; DK062370; DK063491; DK072193; DK079466; DK080145; DK58845; HG002651; HG005214; HG005581; HL043851; HL084729; HL69757; HL71981; K08-AR055688 / National Institutes of Health; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA DP0770096 / Australian Research Council CamStrad Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation PG/02/128 / British Heart Foundation Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore; Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR) Lundberg Foundation Council of Health of the Academy of Finland; Research Council of Finland Western Australian Genetic Epidemiology Resource Wellcome Trust Petrus and Augusta Hedlunds Foundation U01 DK062418 / Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International; Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation SF0180142s08 / Estonian Government Novo Nordisk Foundation; Novocure Limited Erasmus MC Paavo Nurmi Foundation Swedish National Cancer Institute Ollqvist Foundation Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research Karolinska Institute; Karolinska Institutet Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania NIA; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) Amgen Narpes Health Care Foundation 104781; 117797; 120315; 121584; 126925; 129269; 129494; 129680; 213506 / Academy of Finland; Research Council of Finland B27 / Microarray Core Facility of the Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation 10-000-1002 / Netherlands Organization for the Health Research and Development; Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development Foundation for Strategic Research Diabetes UK Gyllenberg Foundation Royal Swedish Academy of Science British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, Oxford Montreal Heart Institute Foundation Finnish Ministry of Education 01 AK 803 A-H; 01 IG 07015 G / German Bundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technology Perklen Foundation 201413; ECOGENE:205419; BBMRI:212111; OPENGENE:245536; ENGAGE:HEALTH-F4-2007-201413; EURODIA:LSHG-CT-2004-518153; EU/WLRT-2001-01254; HEALTH-F2-2008-ENGAGE; HEALTH-F4-2007-201550; LSH-2006-037593; LSHG-CT-2006-018947; LSHG-CT-2006-01947; Procardis:LSHM-CT-2007-037273; POLYGENE:LSHC-CT-2005; QLG1-CT-2000-01643; QLG2-CT-2002-01254 / European Commission; European Commission Joint Research Centre N02-HL-6-4278 / Affymetrix for genotyping services Eve Appeal CZB/4/710 / Chief Scientist Office A305:188 / Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Sigrid Juselius Foundation MC_qA137934; MC_U127561128; G9521010; MC_U106179471; MC_U106188470; G0600331; G0701863; G0000934; G0601261 / Medical Research Council; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC) Helmholtz Center Munich; Helmholtz Association 216-1080315-0302 / Ministry of Science, Education and Sport of the Republic of Croatia; Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, Republic of Croatia AstraZeneca AB; 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Reynolds Foundation 175.010.2005.011; 911-03-012 / Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Foundation for Life and Health in Finland Western Australian DNA Bank ADA; American Diabetes Association KFO-152 / German Research Council; German Research Foundation (DFG) Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation Swedish Cultural Foundation in Finland Biocentrum Helsinki Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany; Siemens AG Swedish Research Council; Swedish Research Council for Health Working Life & Welfare (Forte); Swedish Research Council Formas German Ministry of Education, Culture and Science Swedish Cancer Society Swedish Medical Research Council; Swedish Medical Research Council (SMRC) Cancer Research UK German Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports GlaxoSmithKline Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation 904-61-090; 904-61-193; 480-04-004; 400-05-717; SPI 56-464-1419 / Netherlands Scientific Organization
Identifiers: 9936674508331
Academic Unit: King Abdulaziz University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article