Abstract
Chaetosphaeriaceae is a genus-rich, but taxonomically confused family and there is a need of more detailed studies on their asexual and sexual morphs and investigation of phylogenetic relationships to similar genera in other families. In this study, a survey of hyaline-spored chaetosphaeriaceous hyphomycetes yielded ten new taxa, including one new genus (Multiguttulispora) and nine new species (Dictyochaeta brevis, D. terminaliae, Kionochaeta castaneae, K. microspora, Menisporopsis breviseta, M. dushanensis, Multiguttulispora sympodialis, Tainosphaeria aseptata and T. monophialidica). In addition, Cryptophiale udagawae and Dictyochaeta simplex are described and illustrated. Support for the new taxa are provided by morphological comparison and DNA sequence data analyses. Phylogenetic analysis of SSU, ITS and LSU sequence data showed that Kionochaeta is polyphyletic and species are phylogenetically located in two groups (Kionochaeta 1 and Kionochaeta 2). In addition, a synopsis for Kionochaeta and Menisporopsis species, an updated phylogenetic tree and outline for Chaetosphaeriaceae are provided.