Abstract
This work deals with natural convection flow resulting from rotating circular cylinders in a horizontal wavy cavity fully filled by nanofluid. The horizontal wavy cavity was saturated by three layers of heterogeneous porous media. Incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method is used to solve the non-dimensional governing equations of the current physical problem. Three circular cylinders are carrying a hot temperature with a uniform circular velocity inside a horizontal wavy cavity. Effects of physical parameters including circular cylinder radius (0.05 <= R-c <= 0.3), Darcy parameter (10(-3) <= Da <= 10(-5)), Rayleigh number (10(3) <= Ra <= 10(5)), nanoparticles volume fraction (0 <= phi <= 6%), and paddle lengths (0.05 <= L-paddl <= 0.2) on fluid flow and heat transfer were examined. Results revealed that an increase on radius of inner cylinders rises temperature distributions and nanofluid flow. A decrease on Darcy parameter weakens fluid flow. A growth on paddle lengths enhances velocity field in all the porous layers. In the current simulations, ISPH method showed a well performance in simulating natural convection flow of nanofluid inside a novel geometry (horizontal wavy cavity).