Abstract
The ferrofluid are useful nanofluid and can be prepared by mixing magnetic types of nanoparticles in base fluid. The mathematical modelling of ferrofluid under induced magnetic field through a vertical stretching surface is formulated in the current theoretical study. The study is performed for ferrofluid by considering magnetite Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in base fluid. In ferrofluid, the appropriate mixture of magnetic nanoparticles can lead to desire heat transfer phenomena. This theoretical study indicates that both Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient for Fe3O4-water ferrofluid increase by improving the effects of magnetic parameter beta. Velocity and magnetic boundary layer thicknesses increase/decrease for assisting/opposing flow by strengthening magnetic effects and in the presence of magnetic type Fe3O4 nanoparticle boundary layer thickness further enhances for pure water as compared to Fe3O4 type of ferrofluid. Temperature profile and thermal boundary layer thickness increase for both assisting/opposing flow with enhancing the concentration of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle, however, thermal distribution reduces/upsurges in case of assisting/opposing flow with the increase of magnetic strength and thermal boundary layer thickness is greater for Fe3O4 water based ferrofluid as compared to regular fluid. The bvp4c built-in code in MATLAB software is employed for solution purposes. Results are displayed for the selection of effective parameters in data and graphical forms for both assisting and opposing flows.