Abstract
The nanocomposites (NCs) based on hydroxyapatite (HAP) could be improved into biologically safe and effective antibacterial materials. Combining HAP with copper oxide (CuO) and graphene oxide (GO) in a ternary nanocomposite (TNC) increased the human osteoblast viability in vitro to about 98.3% ± 3%. The structure was also analyzed with XRD, FTIR, XPS. The average roughness (Ra) decreased from 68.2 to 42.4 nm, while the root mean square roughness (Rq) changed slightly from 55.5 to 54.4 nm. The TEM investigation showed a decrease in the diameter and length of nanorod particles from 14 to 37 nm to 11 and 34 nm. In addition, the nano strip particles decreased from 17 to 14 nm in diameter, while a change in length was from 151 to 139 nm in diameter and length, respectively. The nanorods belong to HAP, while nanostrips belong to CuO. The polarization resistance decreased from 108 to around 44.5 (ohm.cm2). The antibacterial activity was done against the gram-negative E. coli, and the gram-positive S. aureus where inhibition zones reached 17.1 ± 1.3 and 14.3 ± 0.7 mm, respectively. The enhancement in cell viability and antibacterial behavior indicate the biocompatibility of the biomaterials for biomedical applications.