Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is recognized as a toxic metal that has detrimental effects on living organisms; notably, it is discharged into soil by various industries as a result of anthropogenic activities. Microbe-assisted phytoremediation is one of the most emergent and environmentally friendly methods used for the detoxification of pollutants. In this study, the alleviative role of Staphylococcus aureus strain K1 was evaluated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Cr stress. For this, various Cr concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg center dot kg(-1)) with and without peat-moss-based bacterial inoculum were applied in the soil. Results depicted that Cr stress reduced the plants' growth by causing oxidative stress in the absence of S. aureus K1 inoculation. However, the application of S. aureus K1 regulated the plants' growth and antioxidant enzymatic activities by reducing oxidative stress and Cr toxicity through conversion of Cr6+ to Cr3+. The Cr6+ uptake by wheat was significantly reduced in the S. aureus K1 inoculated plants. It can be concluded that the application of S. aureus K1 could be an effective approach to alleviate the Cr toxicity in wheat and probably in other cereals grown under Cr stress.