Abstract
•The presence of IO-NP increases the rupturing time for 50% of the RBCs.•Photohemolysis rate for delayed irradiation using the power law, led to 1.7 and 2.3 power dependence, respectively, for PF only and PF mixed with IO-NP.•The power dependence of continuous irradiation measurements showed inverse proportionality for different concentrations of IO-NP combined with 2μg/ml PF concentration and 1.5μg/ml for RB concentration.•Photosensitization of RBC with PF or RB mixed with IO-NP inhibited rupturing erythrocyte membrane and therefore a consideration should be taken against their combination in clinical applications.
Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (IO-NP) were recently employed in medical applications as a diagnostic tool and drug carrier. Photofrin (PF) is a photosensitizer that clinically is used in Photodynamic therapy (PDT).
The photosensitivity of PF and Rose Bengal (RB) mixed with (IO-NP) on red blood cells (RBCs) lysis was investigated. Second, Photohemolysis for post-irradiation (delayed) and during irradiation (continuous) with PF, RB and IO-NP combinations at different concentrations was investigated. Third, the photohemolysis rate, relative lysis steepness and power-concentration dependant parameter were evaluated by modeling and fitting the data using Gompertz function and power law.
RBCs were isolated from healthy male human volunteer. Washed cells (7.86×106 cells/mm3) were incubated with PF only or with IO-NP for 45min at 37°C then irradiated to a range of temperatures (4–41°C). CPH results were recorded and evaluated using Gompertz function.
The relative steepness of the photohemolysis curves was approximately independent on light dose for delayed irradiation. The presence of IO-NP increases the rupturing time for 50% of the RBCs. Photohemolysis rate for delayed irradiation using the power law, led to 1.7 and 2.3 power dependence, respectively, for PF only and PF mixed with IO-NP. The power dependence of continuous irradiation measurements showed inverse proportionality for different concentrations of IO-NP combined with 2μg/ml PF concentration and 1.5μg/ml for RB concentration.
Photosensitization of RBC with PF or RB mixed with IO-NP inhibited rupturing erythrocyte membrane and therefore a consideration should be taken against their combination in clinical applications.