Abstract
A comparative evaluation of paperboard mill sludge (PMS) versus mixed culture bacteria (MCB) as inoculum for hydrogen production from paperboard mill wastewater (PMW) was investigated. The experiments were conducted at different initial cultivation pHs, inoculums to substrate ratios (ISRs gVS/gCOD), and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The peak hydrogen yield (HY) of 5.29 +/- 0.16 and 1.22 +/- 0.11 mmol/gCOD(initial) was occurred at pH = 5 for MCB and PMS, respectively. At pH of 5, the HY and COD removal achieved the highest values of 2.26 +/- 0.14 mmol/gCOD(initial) and 86 +/- 1.6 % at ISR = 6 for MCB, and 2.38 +/- 0.25 mmol/gCOD(initial) and 60.4 +/- 2.5 % at ISRs = 3 for PMS. The maximum hydrogen production rate was 93.75 +/- 8.9 mmol/day at HRT = 9.6 h from continuous upflow anaerobic reactor inoculated with MCB. Meanwhile, the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene fragments indicated a dominance of a novel hydrogen-producing bacterium of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia for PMS microbial community. On the other hand, Escherichia fergusonii and Enterobacter hormaechei were the predominant species for MCB.