Abstract
The evolution of nanofluids is important for improving the thermal conductivity of base fluids. The influence of thermal radiation and thermal stratification on the magnetohy-drodynamic micropolar nanofluid flow through a shrinking sheet with a prescribed heat flux on the surface has been examined. The most important parts of this study are the effects of magnetohydrodynamic microrotation, thermal radiation, the magnetic field, and the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model. The efficiency of nanoparticles, heat, and mass transference rates are influenced by the magnetic field pattern, the characteristics of the source of heat, thermal radiation, and the dispersion of volume fraction. The partial dif-ferentials are transformed into the set of nonlinear differential equations through boundary layer estimations and similarity substitutions and then computed with the use of a variational finite element procedure. A MATLAB code has been developed to assess parametric simulations for reduced skin friction factor, micro-rotation, fluid velocity, heat transfer rate, and thermal properties for the Glariken formulation. The temperature field declined due to increasing values of the thermal stratification parameter and the heat transfer rate accelerated. There is a strong link between the two sets of results, which shows that the finite element method used here is accurate. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).