Abstract
The unregulated, discriminate and increasing applications of pesticides to enhance plant production and reduce vector-borne diseases caused environmental pollution and human health problems. Problems of contamination by pesticide must be alleviated by developing physical, chemical and/or biological methods to detoxify these compounds. Biodegradation is a promising and economic method to remove these compounds by breakdown to small inert end products. Different bacterial genera were active under their favorable environmental conditions due to production of some degradative enzymes. In biological processes, biodegradation of the different pesticides by naturally occurring microorganisms enhance soil fertility and quality, improve human health and preserve life on our earth. Using bacteria for biodegradation is one of the most environmentally important processes because it is cost effective and quick processes which remove pesticide contamination from different environments effectively, easily and quickly. Genetically modified bacteria, immobilization of hydrolytic enzymes and application of the best conditions increased the degradation process. The use of the bacterial cells or their active enzymes with high capacity for pesticide degradation effectively hydrolyzes the toxic materials into less toxic and simple compounds. Diazinon from organophosphate pesticide was used mainly for control of red palm weevil. This review is an interesting attempt to approach bioremediation strategies of Organophosphate pesticide specially Diazinon in order to prevent the increasing earth pollution and contamination by dangerous compounds.