Abstract
Heat transfer enhancement in partially ionized Williamson fluid using tri-nanoparticles has not been studied yet. This article provides a comparative analysis of the enhancement of heat and mass transfer in Williamson fluids for mono, hybrid, and tri-nanoparticles. This is a theoretical study based on mathematical modelling using governing laws of heat transfer in a fluid medium (here fluid medium is Williamson fluid). The system of governing PDEs is transformed via a change of variables suggested under the similarity principle. Finite element method (FEM) is implemented to solve the dimensionless problems. Computer code is tested and convergent meshed free solutions are computed. Aluminium oxide, titanium oxide, and silicon oxide are taken as tri-nanoparticles whereas ethylene glycol is considered plasma and is subjected to the applied magnetic field of non-uniform intensity. An optimized improvement in thermal performance is noticed for the cause of tri-nanoparticles. The wall of heat transfer rate for mono, hybrid, and tri-nanofluids was computed and their numerical values are compared. It is noted that the wall heat transfer rate by tri-nanofluid is maximum in respect of wall heat transfer rates by mono and hybrid nanofluids. Wall shear stress exerted by tri-nanofluid is noted to have a minimum value in comparison with the wall shear stress exerted by mono and hybrid nanofluids. Hall and ion slip effects on the flow of tri-nanofluid are stronger than those on the flow of mono and hybrid nanofluids.