Abstract
The research objective was to examine the lethal effects of ethanol, aqueous, and hexane extracts of (Colotropis procera Ait) against Aedes aegypti (L) larvae. The leaves of Colotropis procera were collected in Riyadh and transported to the Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, where they were cleaned manually and dried in the shade at room temperature. The leaves of Colotropis procera Ait were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to identify the chemical constituents. The method described by AOAC,1990. The experiments were carried out for the bioassay tests at 27 +/- 2 degrees C and 75-85% relative humidity under a 12 L/D photoperiod. The procedure by WHO, 1996, was utilized to find out the larvicidal activities of leaves, aqueous, ethanol, and hexane extracts of C. procera. The regression lines at different fatal concentrations, i.e., 95% and 50% (LC95 and LC50), were used to analyze the mean Aedes aegypti larval mortality after 24 hours. The result shows the phytochemical screening of the presence of tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, phenols, and terpenoids where saponins and steroids were absent in C. procera leaves. The relative efficiency of aqueous, ethanol, and hexane extracts according to the obtained LC50, and LC95 values showed that Calotropis procera hexane extract had relatively higher larvicidal potentiality against Aedes aegypti larvae (0.00250 ppm) and ethanol extract (0.00251 ppm), followed by aqueous extract (0.0028 ppm). Calotropis procera can be employed substantially as an eco-friendly larvicide resource with significant toxicity against Aedes aegypti larvae mosquito vectors.