Abstract
Globally, bladder cancers are the most common cancers with 81,180 new cases in 2022. Being one of the most important urological cancers it has 17,100 estimated deaths in 2022. Unequivocally the best-known treatment so far is radical cystectomy followed by chemotherapy. Despite the treatment strategies including surgical intervention and adjuvant therapy recurrent rate and tumor development prevention remains as a potential problem. Hence targeted treatment strategies gained more interests and the current exploration examines the potential of iron oxide-alginate-berbamine nanocomposites on human bladder cancer T24 cells. The synthesis of iron oxide-alginate-berbamine nanocomposites was with iron (III) nitrate hexahydrate, sodium alginate, and the phytocomponent berbamine. The iron oxide-alginate-berbamine nanocomposites were then treated with human bladder cancer T24 cells. Interestingly, there was a significant dose-dependent reduction in the cell survival rate (2.5–15 µg/ml). Furthermore, the nanocomposites activated caspase-3,8 and -9 almost two-fold. These caspases are the key players in extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways. The nanocomposites also elevated the ROS status, thereby inactivating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Thus, the current outcomes indicate that iron oxide-alginate-berbamine nanocomposites could effectively inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis and block the PI3K/Akt pathway in T24 cells.
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•α-Fe2O3–Sodium alginate-Berbamine dual drug delivery of model a great anticancer potential.•α-Fe2O3–Sodium alginate-Berbamine inhibits cell proliferation in bladder cancer T24 cells.•Induction of apoptosis in T24 cells by α-Fe2O3-Sodium alginate-Berbamine nanocomposites.•Activation of caspases and Down-regulation of PI3K/Akt by α-Fe2O3–Sodium alginate-Berbamine.