Abstract
Currently, poultry is a main source of food in the world. However, it is one of the most purchases commonly associated with food-borne disease. Drug-resistant bacteria can be transmitted to humans directly by contact with poultry wastes or indirectly by contaminated poultry foodstuffs, therefore contributing to the existed increasing crisis of antimicrobial resistance. This project was aimed to determine the incidence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria isolated from chicken and the genes responsible of this resistance. One hundred cloacal swabs were aseptically obtained from chickens from different farms. The results indicated that 78.8 % of bacterial isolates belonged to E. coli. Moreover, 5.5%, 4.4% and 3.3% of bacterial isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Kluyvera intermedia, respectively. Also, Shigella dysenteriae, Moraxella sp., Shigella boydii, Citrobacter youngae and Pseudomonas putida were 2%, 2%, 1%, 1% and 1%, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Most of bacterial isolates were resistant to Oxacillin, Oxytetracycline, Chloramphenicol and Lincomycin. However, most of isolates were only sensitive to Colistin. The greatest of bacterial isolates were resistant to similar to 4-26 antimicrobials indicative multidrug resistant isolates. The resistance genes blaSHV, aac(3)-IV, tet(A) and tet(B); aadA1, catA1, and cmlA, ere(A) and sul1 were nearly detected in most E. coli isolates. 16S rRNA analysis confirmed that the most multidrug resistant isolates belonged to E. coli. These results revealed emergence multiple drug resistant-bacteria from poultry. This study recommends that it should be a strict regulatory procedure for the use of antimicrobials in human and animals to minimize the emergence and distribution of antimicrobial resistant bacteria.