Abstract
A second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) is a resonant regulator with a pair of complex-conjugate poles, and therefore, with infinite magnitude at its center frequency. Thanks to this property, one can put together a set of m SOGIs in an elegant way and decompose a single-phase signal into its constituent frequency components and detect their amplitude and phase angle. Such a configuration, which is often referred to as the multi-SOGI (MSOGI) structure, requires a frequency estimator to adapt the center frequency of SOGIs to frequency changes. This frequency estimation is often provided by interconnecting the MSOGI structure with a basic frequency-locked loop (FLL) or phase-locked loop (PLL). The resulting structures are known as the MSOGI-FLL and MSOGI-PLL. These structures and their close variants are mathematically difficult to analyze probably because of the lack of a linear model for these systems. This article aims to bridge this research gap. First, it is shown how linear time-periodic (LTP) models of the MSOGI-FLL and MSOGI-PLL can be obtained. The model verification, obtaining open-loop harmonic transfer function from the LTP model, and LTP stability assessment of MSOGI-based synchronization systems are the next parts of this article. Finally, some close variants of the MSOGI-FLL/PLL are considered and their modeling and stability assessment are briefly discussed.