Abstract
Background
This double-blinded study aimed at evaluating and comparing the effects of magnesium and lidocaine on pain, analgesic requirements, bowel function, and quality of sleep in patients undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
Methods
Patients were randomized into three groups (n=40 each). Group M received magnesium sulfate 50 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.), followed by 25 mg/kg/h i.v., group L received lidocaine 2 mg/kg i.v., followed by 2 mg/kg/h i.v., and group P received saline i.v. Bolus doses were given over 15 min before induction of anesthesia, followed by an i.v. infusion through the end of surgery. Intraoperative fentanyl consumption and averaged end-tidal sevoflurane concentration were recorded. Abdominal and shoulder pain were evaluated up to 24 h using a visual analog scale (VAS). Morphine consumption was recorded at 2 and 24 h, together with quality of sleep and time of first flatus.
Results
Lidocaine or magnesium reduced anesthetic requirements (P < 0.01), pain scores (P < 0.05), and morphine consumption (P < 0.001) relative to the control group. Lidocaine resulted in lower morphine consumption at 2 h [4.9 +/- 2.3 vs. 6.8 +/- 2.8 (P < 0.05)] and lower abdominal VAS scores compared with magnesium (1.8 +/- 0.8 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.9, 2.2 +/- 1 vs. 3.6 +/- 1.6, and 2.1 +/- 1.4 vs. 3.3 +/- 1.9) at 2, 6, and 12 h, respectively (P < 0.05). Lidocaine was associated with earlier return of bowel function and magnesium was associated with better sleep quality (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
I.v. lidocaine and magnesium improved post-operative analgesia and reduced intraoperative and post-operative opioid requirements in patients undergoing LC. The improvement of quality of recovery might facilitate rapid hospital discharge.