Abstract
This is the first in a series of papers on lignicolous freshwater fungi from China. In this paper, eight fresh collections of taxa of Dictyosporiaceae from submerged wood in freshwater are characterized based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU and TEF1 alpha sequence data. A new monotypic genus Aquadictyospora, with A. lignicola as the type species is introduced based on its distinct morphology and evidences from molecular phylogeny. In addition, detailed description and illustration of Pseudodictyosporium wauense from the fresh collection are provided and it is a new record for China.