Abstract
Key messageThe development of classification system for nsLTPs, isolated from different plant species with their identified role.
Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are small, basic, and cysteine-rich proteins found abundantly in higher plants. Apart from main processes like the membrane stabilization, cell wall organization, cuticle synthesis, plant growth and development, and signal transduction, nsLTPs have an active role in abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. Their structure consists of a conserved motif with eight-cysteine residues, stabilized by four disulfide bonds that make an inner hydrophobic cavity for ligand binding. This structural conformation renders stability and means for the transport of a variety of hydrophobic molecules. The nsLTPs possess significant inhibitory activity against the pathogenic microorganisms and thus make a part of the immunity in the plant's defense system. Due to their small size, LTPs penetrate the fungal and bacterial membrane, creating pores that cause the efflux of the intracellular ions and eventually the cell death. Several genes encoding LTPs with antimicrobial potential have been integrated and overexpressed in plants either alone or in combination with other peptides for improved disease resistance. This review summarizes nsLTPs, their structural characteristics, and expression in various plant species to combat phytopathogens with enhanced disease resistance.