Abstract
To determine the feasibility, efficacy, and long-term clinical outcomes of resectoscopic endometrial ablation as primary treatment of simple endometrial hyperplasia (SH) and complex endometrial hyperplasia (CH) without atypia in women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).
Prospective follow-up study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).
Teaching hospital.
One hundred sixty-one women with hyperplasia, either SH (n = 107) or CH (n = 54).
From January 1990 through December 2012, one of us performed 4729 primary resectoscopic endometrial ablation procedures in women with AUB. This group included 161 women with endometrial hyperplasia, identified either at office biopsy (n = 62) or incidentally during routine hysteroscopic endometrial ablation (n = 99). Endometrial tissue obtained at dilation and curettage and/or resected during resectoscopic surgery enabled identification of atypical hyperplasia in 6 patients (4 CH, 2 SH) and 1 patient with adenosarcoma. One patient with atypical CH and the patient with adenosarcoma underwent hysterectomy. The remaining 159 women, including 5 with atypical hyperplasia (3 CH, 2 SH), underwent resectoscopic endometrial ablation (102 SH, 52 CH) as primary treatment. Patient median age was 50 years (range, 30–87 years), and body mass index was 32 (range, 17–59). Comorbidities included hypertension in 25 patients, diabetes in 14, cerebrovascular disease in 3, cardiovascular disease in 7, and hypothyroidism in 8. Office biopsy demonstrated proliferative endometrium in 68 patients, SH in 43, CH in 19, and inadequate findings in 13. In 18 women, we were unable to perform biopsy because of cervical stenosis, morbid obesity, or patient intolerance. Endometrium was resected in 120 patients, electrocoagulated in 34, and a combination of procedures in 5, using a 9-mm (26F) resectoscope, 1.5% glycine, and 120W power. Patients were followed up annually. Three patients were lost to follow-up, and 1 died of an unrelated cause 5 years after surgery.
One uterine perforation occurred, which required no additional treatment. After endometrial ablation, SH was identified in 70 patients, and CH in 35 patients. At a median follow-up of 7 years (range, 1.5–18), 12 patients underwent hysterectomy to treat persistent bleeding (n = 6), benign ovarian cyst (n = 2), pelvic organ prolapse (n = 1), chronic pelvic pain (n = 2), or myomas (n = 1). Uterine histopathology in 11 patients demonstrated no residual endometrial hyperplasia. We were unable to obtain a pathology report for 1 patient. The remaining 138 women were satisfied with the treatment, with no further bleeding or pain in 132 (95.7%). Six patients (4.3%) had monthly spotting.
When performed by surgeons experienced in hysteroscopy, resectoscopic endometrial ablation is feasible, safe, and effective for treatment of SH and CH without atypia in women with AUB.