Abstract
MnxFe3−xO4 (0.0≤x≤1.0) nanoparticles were synthesized by the polyol synthesis method and the effect of Mn3+ substitution on structural, magnetic and optical properties of Fe3O4 was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to study the physical properties. The crystallite (from XRD) and particle sizes (from TEM and SEM) are in close agreement with each other. Lattice parameter increases with increasing Mn3+ concentration, due to the respective larger ionic radius of Mn3+ ion compared with the Fe3+ ion. The magnetic hysteresis (M–H) curves revealed superparamagnetic characteristics of the products. The extrapolated specific saturation magnetization (σs) values decreased from maximum value of 47.3emu/g to the minimum value of 25.6emu/g by increasing Mn composition. The particle size dependent Langevin function was applied to determine the magnetic particle dimensions (Dmag) around 15nm. The observed magnetic moments of NPs are in range of (1.06–1.96)µB and significantly less than 4µB of bulk Fe3O4. Magnetic anisotropy was offered as uniaxial and calculated effective anisotropy constants (Keff) are between 34.47×104Erg/g and 21.83×104Erg/g. The size-dependent saturation magnetization suggests the existence of a magnetically inactive layer as 1.638nm on FeMnxFe2−xO4 NPs. The UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Kubelka−Munk theory were applied to determine the optical properties. The estimated optical band gap (Eg) values dropped almost linearly from 2.05eV to 1.17eV with increasing Mn composition.