Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries

Damaris K. Kinyoki; Aaron E. Osgood-Zimmerman; Brandon V. Pickering; Lauren E. Schaeffer; Laurie B. Marczak; Alice Lazzar-Atwood; Michael L. Collison; Nathaniel J. Henry; Zegeye Abebe; Abdu A. Adamu; Victor Adekanmbi; Keivan Ahmadi; Olufemi Ajumobi; Ayman Al-Eyadhy; Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi; Fares Alahdab; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Vahid Alipour; Khalid Altirkawi; Saeed Amini; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Jalal Arabloo; Olatunde Aremu; Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; Suleman Atique; Marcel Ausloos; Marco Avila; Ashish Awasthi; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Samad Azari; Alaa Badawi; Till Winfried Barnighausen; Quique Bassat; Kaleab Baye; Neeraj Bedi; Bayu Begashaw Bekele; Michelle L. Bell; Natalia V. Bhattacharjee; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Suraj Bhattarai; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Belete Biadgo; Boris Bikbov; Andrey Nikolaevich Briko; Gabrielle Britton; Roy Burstein; Zahid A. Butt; Josip Car; Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela; Franz Castro; Ester Cerin; Michael G. Chipeta; Dinh-Toi Chu; Michael A. Cork; Elizabeth A. Cromwell; Lucia Cuevas-Nasu; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Farah Daoud; Rajat Das Gupta; Nicole Davis Weaver; Diego De Leo; Jan-Walter De Neve; Kebede Deribe; Beruk Berhanu Desalegn; Aniruddha Deshpande; Melaku Desta; Daniel Diaz; Mesfin Tadese Dinberu; David Teye Doku; Manisha Dubey; Andre R. Duraes; Laura Dwyer-Lindgren; Lucas Earl; Andem Effiong; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Maha El Tantawi; Ziad El-Khatib; Babak Eshrati; Mohammad Fareed; Andre Faro; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Nataliya A. Foigt; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Takeshi Fukumoto; Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot; Kebede Embaye Gezae; Alireza Ghajar; Paramjit Singh Gill; Philimon N. Gona; Sameer Vali Gopalani; Ayman Grada; Yuming Guo; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Arya Haj-Mirzaian; Jason B. Hall; Samer Hamidi; Andualem Henok; Bernardo Hernandez Prado; Mario Herrero; Claudiu Herteliu; Chi Linh Hoang; Michael K. Hole; Naznin Hossain; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Guoqing Hu; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Ravi Prakash Jha; Jost B. Jonas; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Amaha Kahsay; Tanuj Kanchan; Manoochehr Karami; Amir Kasaeian; Yousef Saleh Khader; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Mona M. Khater; Yun Jin Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Adnan Kisa; Sonali Kochhar; Soewarta Kosen; Ai Koyanagi; Kewal Krishan; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; G. Anil Kumar; Manasi Kumar; Sheetal D. Lad; Faris Hasan Lami; Paul H. Lee; Aubrey J. Levine; Shanshan Li; Shai Linn; Rakesh Lodha; Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek; Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek; Marek Majdan; Azeem Majeed; Reza Malekzadeh; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Abdullah A. Mamun; Mohammad Ali Mansournia; Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo; Anthony Masaka; Benjamin Ballard Massenburg; Benjamin K. Mayala; Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez; Mulugeta Melku; Walter Mendoza; George A. Mensah; Tomasz Miazgowski; Ted R. Miller; G. K. Mini; Erkin M. Mirrakhimov; Babak Moazen; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Shafiu Mohammed; Farnam Mohebi; Ali H. Mokdad; Yoshan Moodley; Ghobad Moradi; Maziar Moradi-Lakeh; Paula Moraga; Shane Douglas Morrison; Jonathan F. Mosser; Seyyed Meysam Mousavi; Ulrich Otto Mueller; Christopher J. L. Murray; Ghulam Mustafa; Mehdi Naderi; Mohsen Naghavi; Farid Najafi; Vinay Nangia; Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe; Ionut Negoi; Josephine W. Ngunjiri; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Long Hoang Nguyen; Son Hoang Nguyen; Jing Nie; Chukwudi A. Nnaji; Jean Jacques Noubiap; Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh; Peter S. Nyasulu; Felix Akpojene Ogbo; Andrew T. Olagunju; Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya; Jacob Olusegun Olusanya; Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo; Stanislav S. Otstavnov; P. A. Mahesh; Adrian Pana; Anamika Pandey; Sanghamitra Pati; Snehal T. Patil; George C. Patton; Norberto Perico; David M. Pigott; Meghdad Pirsaheb; Ellen G. Piwoz; Maarten J. Postma; Akram Pourshams; Swayam Prakash; Hedley Quintana; Amir Radfar; Alireza Rafiei; Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar; Rajesh Kumar Rai; Fatemeh Rajati; David Laith Rawaf; Salman Rawaf; Rahul Rawat; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Andre M. N. Renzaho; Carlos Rios-Gonzalez; Leonardo Roever; Jennifer M. Ross; Ali Rostami; Nafis Sadat; Yahya Safari; Mahdi Safdarian; Amirhossein Sahebkar; Nasir Salam; Payman Salamati; Yahya Salimi; Hamideh Salimzadeh; Abdallah M. Samy; Benn Sartorius; Brijesh Sathian; Megan F. Schipp; David C. Schwebel; Anbissa Muleta Senbeta; Sadaf G. Sepanlou; Masood Ali Shaikh; Teresa Shamah Levy; Mohammadbagher Shamsi; Kiomars Sharafi; Rajesh Sharma; Aziz Sheikh; Apurba Shil; Diego Augusto Santos Silva; Jasvinder A. Singh; Dhirendra Narain Sinha; Moslem Soofi; Agus Sudaryanto; Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan; Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos; Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi; Zemenu Tadesse Tessema; Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman; Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone; Bach Xuan Tran; Khanh Bao Tran; Irfan Ullah; Olalekan A. Uthman; Masoud Vaezghasemi; Afsane Vaezi; Pascual R. Valdez; John Vanderheide; Yousef Veisani; Francesco S. Violante; Vasily Vlassov; Giang Thu Vu; Linh Gia Vu; Yasir Waheed; Judd L. Walson; Yafeng Wang; Yuan-Pang Wang; Elizabeth N. Wangia; Andrea Werdecker; Gelin Xu; Tomohide Yamada; Engida Yisma; Naohiro Yonemoto; Mustafa Z. Younis; Mahmoud Yousefifard; Chuanhua Yu; Sojib Bin Zaman; Mohammad Zamani; Yunquan Zhang; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Simon I. Hay; Local Burden Dis Child Growth

doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1878-8

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Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries

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Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries

Damaris K. Kinyoki, Aaron E. Osgood-Zimmerman, Brandon V. Pickering, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Laurie B. Marczak, Alice Lazzar-Atwood, Michael L. Collison, Nathaniel J. Henry, Zegeye Abebe, Abdu A. Adamu, …

Nature (London), Vol.577(7789), pp.231-+

2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1878-8

PMCID: PMC7015855

PMID: 31915393

Abstract

Multidisciplinary Sciences

Science & Technology

Science & Technology - Other Topics

Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally(1). Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease, reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic productivity in adulthood(2). Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting, wasting, and underweight in children under five years of age (0-59 months), is a specific subset of undernutrition characterized by insufficient height or weight against age-specific growth reference standards(3-5). The prevalence of stunting, wasting, or underweight in children under five is the proportion of children with a height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization's median growth reference standards for a healthy population(6). Subnational estimates of CGF report substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the first administrative level (for example, states or provinces)(7); the uneven geographical distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the local scale of many public health programmes(8). Building from our previous work mapping CGF in Africa(9), here we provide the first, to our knowledge, mapped high-spatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of affected children live(1), aggregated to policy-relevant first and second (for example, districts or counties) administrative-level units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period, many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps identify high-prevalence areas even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where the highest-need populations reside, these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning interventions that are adapted locally and in efficiently directing resources towards reducing CGF and its health implications.

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Title: Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries
Creators - without role: Damaris K. Kinyoki - University of Washington
Aaron E. Osgood-Zimmerman - University of Washington
Brandon V. Pickering - University of Washington
Lauren E. Schaeffer - University of Washington
Laurie B. Marczak - University of Washington
Alice Lazzar-Atwood - University of Washington
Michael L. Collison - University of Washington
Nathaniel J. Henry - University of Washington
Zegeye Abebe - University of Gondar
Abdu A. Adamu - Stellenbosch University
Victor Adekanmbi - Cardiff University
Keivan Ahmadi - University of Nottingham
Olufemi Ajumobi - University of Nevada Reno
Ayman Al-Eyadhy - King Saud University
Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi - King Abdulaziz University
Fares Alahdab - Evidence
Mehran Alijanzadeh - College Station Medical Center
Vahid Alipour - College Station Medical Center
Khalid Altirkawi - King Saud University
Saeed Amini - Arak University
Catalina Liliana Andrei - College Station Medical Center
Carl Abelardo T. Antonio - University of the Philippines Manila
Jalal Arabloo - College Station Medical Center
Olatunde Aremu - Birmingham City University
Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi - College Station Medical Center
Suleman Atique - University of Ha'il
Marcel Ausloos - University of Leicester
Marco Avila - Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Ctr Res Evaluat & Surveys, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Ashish Awasthi - Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gandhinagar, India
Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla - La Trobe University
Samad Azari - College Station Medical Center
Alaa Badawi - Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Publ Hlth Risk Sci Div, Toronto, ON, Canada
Till Winfried Barnighausen - Heidelberg Univ, HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany
Quique Bassat - Universitat de Barcelona
Kaleab Baye - Addis Ababa University
Neeraj Bedi - College Station Medical Center
Bayu Begashaw Bekele - Mizan Tepi University
Michelle L. Bell - Yale University
Natalia V. Bhattacharjee - University of Washington
Krittika Bhattacharyya - Natl Inst Biomed Genom, Dept Stat & Computat Genom, Kalyani, W Bengal, India
Suraj Bhattarai - Global Inst Interdisciplinary Studies, Dept Global Hlth, Kathmandu, Nepal
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta - University of Toronto
Belete Biadgo
Boris Bikbov - Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri IRCCS, Ranica, Italy
Andrey Nikolaevich Briko - Bauman Moscow State Tech Univ, Biomed Technol, Moscow, Russia
Gabrielle Britton - ALTA
Roy Burstein - University of Washington
Zahid A. Butt - University of Waterloo
Josip Car - Nanyang Technol Univ, Ctr Populat Hlth Sci, Singapore, Singapore
Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela - Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia
Franz Castro - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Ester Cerin - Australian Catholic University
Michael G. Chipeta - University of Oxford
Dinh-Toi Chu - Hanoi Natl Univ Educ, Fac Biol, Hanoi, Vietnam
Michael A. Cork - University of Washington
Elizabeth A. Cromwell - University of Washington
Lucia Cuevas-Nasu - Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Ctr Res Evaluat & Surveys, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Lalit Dandona - University of Washington
Rakhi Dandona - University of Washington
Farah Daoud - University of Washington
Rajat Das Gupta - University of South Carolina
Nicole Davis Weaver - University of Washington
Diego De Leo - Griffith University
Jan-Walter De Neve - Heidelberg Univ, HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany
Kebede Deribe - Addis Ababa University
Beruk Berhanu Desalegn - Hawassa University
Aniruddha Deshpande - University of Washington
Melaku Desta - Debre Markos University
Daniel Diaz - Autonomous University of Sinaloa
Mesfin Tadese Dinberu - Debre Berhan University
David Teye Doku - University of Cape Coast
Manisha Dubey - World Food Programme
Andre R. Duraes - British Science Association
Laura Dwyer-Lindgren - University of Washington
Lucas Earl - University of Washington
Andem Effiong - Biostat
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki - Mansoura University
Maha El Tantawi - Alexandria University
Ziad El-Khatib - Karolinska Institutet
Babak Eshrati - Arak University
Mohammad Fareed - Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University
Andre Faro - Univ Fed Sergipe, Dept Psychol, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad - Karolinska Institutet
Irina Filip - Kaiser Permanente
Florian Fischer - College Station Medical Center
Nataliya A. Foigt - College Station Medical Center
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan - Obafemi Awolowo University
Takeshi Fukumoto - The Wistar Institute
Tsegaye Tewelde Gebrehiwot - Jimma University
Kebede Embaye Gezae - Mekelle University
Alireza Ghajar - University of Tehran
Paramjit Singh Gill - University of Warwick
Philimon N. Gona - Univ Massachusetts, Nursing & Hlth Sci Dept, Boston, MA 02125 USA
Sameer Vali Gopalani - University of Oklahoma
Ayman Grada - Boston University
Yuming Guo - Monash University
Arvin Haj-Mirzaian - University of Tehran
Arya Haj-Mirzaian - University of Tehran
Jason B. Hall - University of Washington
Samer Hamidi - Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University
Andualem Henok - Mizan Tepi University
Bernardo Hernandez Prado - University of Washington
Mario Herrero - Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Agr & Food, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
Claudiu Herteliu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Chi Linh Hoang - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Michael K. Hole - Supreme Council Of Health
Naznin Hossain - College Station Medical Center
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh - Islamic Azad University, Tehran
Guoqing Hu - Cent South Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Changsha, Peoples R China
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam - Deakin University
Mihajlo Jakovljevic - College Station Medical Center
Ravi Prakash Jha - Banaras Hindu University
Jost B. Jonas - Heidelberg University
Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak - College Station Medical Center
Amaha Kahsay - Mekelle University
Tanuj Kanchan - College Station Medical Center
Manoochehr Karami - College Station Medical Center
Amir Kasaeian - College Station Medical Center
Yousef Saleh Khader - Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Publ Hlth, Irbid, Jordan
Ejaz Ahmad Khan - Biostat
Mona M. Khater - Cairo University
Yun Jin Kim - Xiamen University Malaysia
Ruth W. Kimokoti - Simmons University
Adnan Kisa - Supreme Council Of Health
Sonali Kochhar - University of Washington
Soewarta Kosen
Ai Koyanagi - Catalan Inst Res & Adv Studies ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
Kewal Krishan - Panjab University
Barthelemy Kuate Defo - College Station Medical Center
G. Anil Kumar - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Manasi Kumar - University of Nairobi
Sheetal D. Lad - College Station Medical Center
Faris Hasan Lami - University of Baghdad
Paul H. Lee - Supreme Council Of Health
Aubrey J. Levine - University of Washington
Shanshan Li - Monash University
Shai Linn - University of Haifa
Rakesh Lodha - College Station Medical Center
Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek - College Station Medical Center
Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek - College Station Medical Center
Marek Majdan - Trnava Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Trnava, Slovakia
Azeem Majeed - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Reza Malekzadeh - University of Tehran
Deborah Carvalho Malta - Federal Reserve
Abdullah A. Mamun - University of Queensland
Mohammad Ali Mansournia - University of Tehran
Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo - Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Ceara, Campus Caucaia, Caucaia, Brazil
Anthony Masaka - Botho University
Benjamin Ballard Massenburg - University of Washington
Benjamin K. Mayala - University of Washington
Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Res Nutr & Hlth, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Mulugeta Melku
Walter Mendoza - United Nations
George A. Mensah - NIH, Ctr Translat Res & Implementat Sci, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
Tomasz Miazgowski - College Station Medical Center
Ted R. Miller - Pacific Inst Res Evaluat, Calverton, MD USA
G. K. Mini - College Station Medical Center
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov - College Station Medical Center
Babak Moazen - Heidelberg Univ, HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany
Aso Mohammad Darwesh - Univ Human Dev, Dept Informat Technol, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Shafiu Mohammed - Heidelberg Univ, HIGH, Heidelberg, Germany
Farnam Mohebi - University of Tehran
Ali H. Mokdad - University of Washington
Yoshan Moodley - University of KwaZulu-Natal
Ghobad Moradi - Biostat
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh - College Station Medical Center
Paula Moraga - University of Bath
Shane Douglas Morrison - University of Washington
Jonathan F. Mosser - University of Washington
Seyyed Meysam Mousavi - University of Tehran
Ulrich Otto Mueller - Fed Inst Populat Res, Wiesbaden, Germany
Christopher J. L. Murray - University of Washington
Ghulam Mustafa - College Station Medical Center
Mehdi Naderi - College Station Medical Center
Mohsen Naghavi - University of Washington
Farid Najafi - Biostat
Vinay Nangia - Suraj Eye Institute
Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe - South African Med Res Council, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
Ionut Negoi - College Station Medical Center
Josephine W. Ngunjiri - University of Embu
Huong Lan Thi Nguyen - Duy Tan University
Long Hoang Nguyen - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Son Hoang Nguyen - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Jing Nie - Xi'an Jiaotong University
Chukwudi A. Nnaji - Cochrane
Jean Jacques Noubiap - University of Cape Town
Malihe Nourollahpour Shiadeh - College Station Medical Center
Peter S. Nyasulu - Stellenbosch University
Felix Akpojene Ogbo - Universidade do Porto
Andrew T. Olagunju - McMaster University
Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya - Start
Jacob Olusegun Olusanya - Start
Eduardo Ortiz-Panozo - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Populat Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Stanislav S. Otstavnov - Moscow Inst Phys & Technol, Lab Publ Hlth Indicators Anal & Hlth Digitalizat, Dolgoprudnyi, Russia
P. A. Mahesh - College Station Medical Center
Adrian Pana - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Anamika Pandey - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Sanghamitra Pati - College Station Medical Center
Snehal T. Patil - College Station Medical Center
George C. Patton - University of Melbourne
Norberto Perico - Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
David M. Pigott - University of Washington
Meghdad Pirsaheb - College Station Medical Center
Ellen G. Piwoz - Gates
Maarten J. Postma - University of Groningen
Akram Pourshams - University of Tehran
Swayam Prakash - College Station Medical Center
Hedley Quintana - Mécanique et Engrenage Moderne
Amir Radfar - AT Still Univ, Coll Grad Hlth Sci, Mesa, AZ 85206 USA
Alireza Rafiei - College Station Medical Center
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar - University of Tehran
Rajesh Kumar Rai - Soc Hlth & Demog Surveillance, Suri, India
Fatemeh Rajati - College Station Medical Center
David Laith Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England
Salman Rawaf - Publ Hlth England, Acad Publ Hlth, London, England
Rahul Rawat - Gates
Giuseppe Remuzzi - Ist Ric Farmacol Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
Andre M. N. Renzaho - Western Sydney University
Carlos Rios-Gonzalez - Nihon Gakko Univ, Res Directorate, Fernando De La Mora, Paraguay
Leonardo Roever - Univ Fed Uberlandia, Dept Clin Res, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
Jennifer M. Ross - University of Washington
Ali Rostami - College Station Medical Center
Nafis Sadat - University of Washington
Yahya Safari - College Station Medical Center
Mahdi Safdarian - University of Tehran
Amirhossein Sahebkar - College Station Medical Center
Nasir Salam - Imam Mohammad ibn Saud Islamic University
Payman Salamati - University of Tehran
Yahya Salimi - Biostat
Hamideh Salimzadeh - University of Tehran
Abdallah M. Samy - Ain Shams University
Benn Sartorius - University of Washington
Brijesh Sathian - College Station Medical Center
Megan F. Schipp - University of Washington
David C. Schwebel - University of Alabama
Anbissa Muleta Senbeta - Jigjiga University
Sadaf G. Sepanlou - University of Tehran
Masood Ali Shaikh
Teresa Shamah Levy - Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Ctr Res Evaluat & Surveys, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Mohammadbagher Shamsi - College Station Medical Center
Kiomars Sharafi - College Station Medical Center
Rajesh Sharma - Supreme Council Of Health
Aziz Sheikh - Harvard University
Apurba Shil - Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Diego Augusto Santos Silva - Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Phys Educ, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
Jasvinder A. Singh - University of Alabama
Dhirendra Narain Sinha - Supreme Council Of Health
Moslem Soofi - College Station Medical Center
Agus Sudaryanto - Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta
Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan - Ahmadu Bello University
Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos - Universitat de València
Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse - Hawassa University
Mohamad-Hani Temsah - King Saud University
Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi - Stanford University
Zemenu Tadesse Tessema - University of Gondar
Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman - Johns Hopkins University
Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone - College Station Medical Center
Bach Xuan Tran - College Station Medical Center
Khanh Bao Tran - University of Auckland
Irfan Ullah - Gomal University
Olalekan A. Uthman - University of Warwick
Masoud Vaezghasemi - Umeå University
Afsane Vaezi - College Station Medical Center
Pascual R. Valdez - College Station Medical Center
John Vanderheide - University of Washington
Yousef Veisani - Ilam University
Francesco S. Violante - University of Bologna
Vasily Vlassov - Supreme Council Of Health
Giang Thu Vu - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Linh Gia Vu - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Yasir Waheed - College Station Medical Center
Judd L. Walson - University of Washington
Yafeng Wang - Wuhan University
Yuan-Pang Wang - Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Elizabeth N. Wangia - University of Nairobi
Andrea Werdecker - Federal Reserve
Gelin Xu - Nanjing University
Tomohide Yamada - The University of Tokyo
Engida Yisma - Addis Ababa University
Naohiro Yonemoto - Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Psychopharmacol, Tokyo, Japan
Mustafa Z. Younis - Jackson State University
Mahmoud Yousefifard - Shahid Beheshti University
Chuanhua Yu - Wuhan University
Sojib Bin Zaman - Monash University
Mohammad Zamani - College Station Medical Center
Yunquan Zhang - Wuhan University
Nicholas J. Kassebaum - University of Washington
Simon I. Hay - University of Washington
Local Burden Dis Child Growth
Publication Details: Nature (London), Vol.577(7789), pp.231-+
Publisher: NATURE PORTFOLIO
Number of pages: 21
Grant note: OPP1132415 / Bill AMP; Melinda Gates Foundation; CGIAR
Identifiers: 9916147208331
Academic Unit: Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU); King Abdullah University of Science & Technology; King Saud University; Alfaisal University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article