Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17

Kirsten E. Wiens; Paulina A. Lindstedt; Brigette F. Blacker; Kimberly B. Johnson; Mathew M. Baumann; Lauren E. Schaeffer; Hedayat Abbastabar; Foad Abd-Allah; Ahmed Abdelalim; Ibrahim Abdollahpour; Kedir Hussein Abegaz; Ayenew Negesse Abejie; Lucas Guimaraes Abreu; Michael R. M. Abrigo; Ahmed Abualhasan; Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi; Dilaram Acharya; Maryam Adabi; Abdu A. Adamu; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin; Victor Adekanmbi; Olatunji O. Adetokunboh; Beyene Meressa Adhena; Mohsen Afarideh; Sohail Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Anwar E. Ahmed; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Rushdia Ahmed; Temesgen Yihunie Akalu; Fares Alahdab; Ziyad Al-Aly; Noore Alam; Samiah Alam; Genet Melak Alamene; Turki M. Alanzi; Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Mehran Alijanzadeh; Vahid Alipour; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Ali Almasi; Amir Almasi-Hashiani; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Khalid A. Altirkawi; Nelson Alvis-Guzman; Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk; Saeed Amini; Arianna Maever L. Amit; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Mina Anjomshoa; Amir Anoushiravani; Fereshteh Ansari; Carl Abelardo T. Antonio; Benny Antony; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Jalal Arabloo; Hany Mohamed Amin Aref; Olatunde Aremu; Bahram Armoon; Amit Arora; Krishna K. Aryal; Afsaneh Arzani; Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi; Hagos Tasew Atalay; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Seyyede Masoume Athari; Sachin R. Atre; Marcel Ausloos; Nefsu Awoke; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Getinet Ayano; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Yared Asmare Aynalem; Samad Azari; Peter S. Azzopardi; Ebrahim Babaee; Tesleem Kayode Babalola; Alaa Badawi; Mohan Bairwa; Shankar M. Bakkannavar; Senthilkumar Balakrishnan; Ayele Geleto Bali; Maciej Banach; Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub; Aleksandra Barac; Till Winfried Barnighausen; Huda Basaleem; Sanjay Basu; Vo Dinh Bay; Mohsen Bayati; Estifanos Baye; Neeraj Bedi; Mahya Beheshti; Masoud Behzadifar; Meysam Behzadifar; Bayu Begashaw Bekele; Yaschilal Muche Belayneh; Michelle L. Bell; Derrick A. Bennett; Dessalegn Ajema Berbada; Robert S. Bernstein; Anusha Ganapati Bhat; Krittika Bhattacharyya; Suraj Bhattarai; Soumyadeep Bhaumik; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Ali Bijani; Boris Bikbov; Binyam Minuye Birihane; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Somayeh Bohlouli; Hunduma Amensisa Bojia; Soufiane Boufous; Oliver J. Brady; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Andrey Nikolaevich Briko; Nikolay Ivanovich Briko; Gabrielle B. Britton; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Reinhard Busse; Zahid A. Butt; Luis Alberto Camera; Ismael R. Campos-Nonato; Jorge Cano; Josip Car; Rosario Cardenas; Felix Carvalho; Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela; Franz Castro; Wagaye Fentahun Chanie; Pranab Chatterjee; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu; Ken Lee Chin; Devasahayam J. Christopher; Dinh-Toi Chu; Natalie Maria Cormier; Vera Marisa Costa; Carlos Culquichicon; Matiwos Soboka Daba; Giovanni Damiani; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Anh Kim Dang; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Amira Hamed Darwish; Ahmad Daryani; Jai K. 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Haile; Gessessew Bugssa Hailu; Arvin Haj-Mirzaian; Arya Haj-Mirzaian; Randah R. Hamadeh; Samer Hamidi; Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso; Hamidreza Haririan; Ninuk Hariyani; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Md Mehedi Hasan; Edris Hasanpoor; Amir Hasanzadeh; Hadi Hassankhani; Hamid Yimam Hassen; Mohamed I. Hegazy; Behzad Heibati; Behnam Heidari; Delia Hendrie; Nathaniel J. Henry; Claudiu Herteliu; Fatemeh Heydarpour; Hagos Degefa de Hidru; Thomas R. Hird; Chi Linh Hoang; Enayatollah Homaie Rad; Praveen Hoogar; Mohammad Hoseini; Naznin Hossain; Mostafa Hosseini; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mowafa Househ; Mohamed Hsairi; Guoqing Hu; Mohammedaman Mama Hussen; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Ehimario U. Igumbor; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Milena D. Ilic; Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab; Usman Iqbal; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Chinwe Juliana Iwu; Neda Izadi; Anelisa Jaca; Nader Jahanmehr; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Amir Jalali; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Ravi Prakash Jha; Vivekanand Jha; John S. 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doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30230-8

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Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17

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Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17

Kirsten E. Wiens, Paulina A. Lindstedt, Brigette F. Blacker, Kimberly B. Johnson, Mathew M. Baumann, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, …

The Lancet global health, Vol.8(8), pp.1038-1060

01/08/2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30230-8

PMID: 32710861

Abstract

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Science & Technology

Background Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a form of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea that has the potential to drastically reduce child mortality; yet, according to UNICEF estimates, less than half of children younger than 5 years with diarrhoea in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) received ORS in 2016. A variety of recommended home fluids (RHF) exist as alternative forms of ORT; however, it is unclear whether RHF prevent child mortality. Previous studies have shown considerable variation between countries in ORS and RHF use, but subnational variation is unknown. This study aims to produce high-resolution geospatial estimates of relative and absolute coverage of ORS, RHF, and ORT (use of either ORS or RHF) in LMICs. Methods We used a Bayesian geostatistical model including 15 spatial covariates and data from 385 household surveys across 94 LMICs to estimate annual proportions of children younger than 5 years of age with diarrhoea who received ORS or RHF (or both) on continuous continent-wide surfaces in 2000-17, and aggregated results to policy-relevant administrative units. Additionally, we analysed geographical inequality in coverage across administrative units and estimated the number of diarrhoeal deaths averted by increased coverage over the study period. Uncertainty in the mean coverage estimates was calculated by taking 250 draws from the posterior joint distribution of the model and creating uncertainty intervals (UIs) with the 2 center dot 5th and 97 center dot 5th percentiles of those 250 draws. Findings While ORS use among children with diarrhoea increased in some countries from 2000 to 2017, coverage remained below 50% in the majority (62 center dot 6%; 12 417 of 19 823) of second administrative-level units and an estimated 6 519 000 children (95% UI 5 254 000-7 733 000) with diarrhoea were not treated with any form of ORT in 2017. Increases in ORS use corresponded with declines in RHF in many locations, resulting in relatively constant overall ORT coverage from 2000 to 2017. Although ORS was uniformly distributed subnationally in some countries, within-country geographical inequalities persisted in others; 11 countries had at least a 50% difference in one of their units compared with the country mean. Increases in ORS use over time were correlated with declines in RHF use and in diarrhoeal mortality in many locations, and an estimated 52 230 diarrhoeal deaths (36 910-68 860) were averted by scaling up of ORS coverage between 2000 and 2017. Finally, we identified key subnational areas in Colombia, Nigeria, and Sudan as examples of where diarrhoeal mortality remains higher than average, while ORS coverage remains lower than average. Interpretation To our knowledge, this study is the first to produce and map subnational estimates of ORS, RHF, and ORT coverage and attributable child diarrhoeal deaths across LMICs from 2000 to 2017, allowing for tracking progress over time. Our novel results, combined with detailed subnational estimates of diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality, can support subnational needs assessments aimed at furthering policy makers' understanding of within-country disparities. Over 50 years after the discovery that led to this simple, cheap, and life-saving therapy, large gains in reducing mortality could still be made by reducing geographical inequalities in ORS coverage. Copyright (c) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.

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Title: Mapping geographical inequalities in oral rehydration therapy coverage in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-17
Creators - without role: Kirsten E. Wiens - University of Washington
Paulina A. Lindstedt - University of Washington
Brigette F. Blacker - University of Washington
Kimberly B. Johnson - University of Washington
Mathew M. Baumann - University of Washington
Lauren E. Schaeffer - University of Washington
Hedayat Abbastabar - University of Tehran
Foad Abd-Allah - Cairo University
Ahmed Abdelalim - Cairo University
Ibrahim Abdollahpour - College Station Medical Center
Kedir Hussein Abegaz - Near East University
Ayenew Negesse Abejie - Debre Markos University
Lucas Guimaraes Abreu - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Pediat Dent, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Michael R. M. Abrigo - Philippine Inst Dev Studies, Dept Res, Quezon City, Philippines
Ahmed Abualhasan - Cairo University
Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi - Supreme Council Of Health
Dilaram Acharya - Dongguk University
Maryam Adabi - College Station Medical Center
Abdu A. Adamu - Stellenbosch University
Oladimeji M. Adebayo - College Station Medical Center
Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin - Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Dept Med Rehabil, Ife, Nigeria
Victor Adekanmbi - Cardiff University
Olatunji O. Adetokunboh - Stellenbosch University
Beyene Meressa Adhena - Mekelle University
Mohsen Afarideh - University of Tehran
Sohail Ahmad - Mahsa University
Keivan Ahmadi - University of Nottingham
Anwar E. Ahmed - University of Gezira
Muktar Beshir Ahmed - Jimma University
Rushdia Ahmed - BRAC University
Temesgen Yihunie Akalu - University of Gondar
Fares Alahdab - Evidence
Ziyad Al-Aly - College Station Medical Center
Noore Alam - Queensland Hlth, Prevent Div, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
Samiah Alam - Dalhousie University
Genet Melak Alamene - Madda Walabu University
Turki M. Alanzi - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali - Erbil Polytech Univ, Erbil Tech Hlth Coll, Erbil, Iraq
Mehran Alijanzadeh - College Station Medical Center
Vahid Alipour - College Station Medical Center
Syed Mohamed Aljunid - Kuwait University
Ali Almasi - College Station Medical Center
Amir Almasi-Hashiani - Arak University
Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi - Jazan University
Khalid A. Altirkawi - King Saud University
Nelson Alvis-Guzman - University of Cartagena
Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk - University of the Coast
Saeed Amini - Arak University
Arianna Maever L. Amit - University of the Philippines Manila
Catalina Liliana Andrei - College Station Medical Center
Mina Anjomshoa - College Station Medical Center
Amir Anoushiravani - University of Tehran
Fereshteh Ansari - Evidence
Carl Abelardo T. Antonio - University of the Philippines Manila
Benny Antony - University of Tasmania
Ernoiz Antriyandarti - Sebelas Maret University
Jalal Arabloo - College Station Medical Center
Hany Mohamed Amin Aref - Ain Shams University
Olatunde Aremu - Birmingham City University
Bahram Armoon - College Station Medical Center
Amit Arora - Western Sydney University
Krishna K. Aryal - Abt Associates Nepal, Monitoring Evaluat & Operat Res Project, Lalitpur, Nepal
Afsaneh Arzani - Supreme Council Of Health
Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi - College Station Medical Center
Hagos Tasew Atalay - Aksum University
Seyyed Shamsadin Athari - College Station Medical Center
Seyyede Masoume Athari
Sachin R. Atre - Johns Hopkins University
Marcel Ausloos - University of Leicester
Nefsu Awoke - Wolaita Sodo University
Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla - La Trobe University
Getinet Ayano - Curtin University
Martin Amogre Ayanore - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Hlth Policy Planning & Management, Ho, Ghana
Yared Asmare Aynalem - Debre Berhan University
Samad Azari - College Station Medical Center
Peter S. Azzopardi - Burnet Institute
Ebrahim Babaee - College Station Medical Center
Tesleem Kayode Babalola - University of KwaZulu-Natal
Alaa Badawi - Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Publ Hlth Risk Sci Div, Toronto, ON, Canada
Mohan Bairwa - Johns Hopkins University
Shankar M. Bakkannavar - College Station Medical Center
Senthilkumar Balakrishnan - Haramaya University
Ayele Geleto Bali - Haramaya University
Maciej Banach - College Station Medical Center
Joseph Adel Mattar Banoub - University of London
Aleksandra Barac - Clin Ctr Serbia, Clin Infect & Trop Dis, Belgrade, Serbia
Till Winfried Barnighausen - Heidelberg University
Huda Basaleem - Supreme Council Of Health
Sanjay Basu - Harvard University
Vo Dinh Bay - Ho Chi Minh City Univ Technol, Informat Technol, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Mohsen Bayati - Shiraz University
Estifanos Baye - Wollo University
Neeraj Bedi - Jazan University
Mahya Beheshti - College Station Medical Center
Masoud Behzadifar - Lorestan University
Meysam Behzadifar - Lorestan University
Bayu Begashaw Bekele - Mizan Tepi University
Yaschilal Muche Belayneh - Wollo University
Michelle L. Bell - Yale University
Derrick A. Bennett - University of Oxford
Dessalegn Ajema Berbada - Arba Minch University
Robert S. Bernstein - Emory University
Anusha Ganapati Bhat - Supreme Council Of Health
Krittika Bhattacharyya - Natl Inst Biomed Genom, Dept Stat & Computat Genom, Kalyani, W Bengal, India
Suraj Bhattarai - Global Inst Interdisciplinary Studies, Dept Global Hlth, Kathmandu, Nepal
Soumyadeep Bhaumik - George Institute for Global Health
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta - University of Toronto
Ali Bijani - College Station Medical Center
Boris Bikbov - Mario Negri Inst Pharmacol Res, Ranica, Italy
Binyam Minuye Birihane
Raaj Kishore Biswas - UNSW Sydney
Somayeh Bohlouli - Islamic Azad University, Tehran
Hunduma Amensisa Bojia - Haramaya University
Soufiane Boufous - UNSW Sydney
Oliver J. Brady - Supreme Council Of Health
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi - University of Genoa
Andrey Nikolaevich Briko - Bauman Moscow State Tech Univ, Dept Biomed Technol, Moscow, Russia
Nikolay Ivanovich Briko - Evidence
Gabrielle B. Britton
Sharath Burugina Nagaraja - College Station Medical Center
Reinhard Busse - Tech Univ Berlin, Dept Hlth Care Management, Berlin, Germany
Zahid A. Butt - University of Waterloo
Luis Alberto Camera - College Station Medical Center
Ismael R. Campos-Nonato - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Hlth & Nutr Res Ctr, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Jorge Cano - Supreme Council Of Health
Josip Car - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Rosario Cardenas
Felix Carvalho
Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela - Natl Inst Hlth, Colombian Natl Hlth Observ, Bogota, Colombia
Franz Castro
Wagaye Fentahun Chanie - University of Gondar
Pranab Chatterjee - College Station Medical Center
Vijay Kumar Chattu - University of Toronto
Tesfaye Yitna Chichiabellu - Wolaita Sodo University
Ken Lee Chin - University of Melbourne
Devasahayam J. Christopher - College Station Medical Center
Dinh-Toi Chu
Natalie Maria Cormier - University of Washington
Vera Marisa Costa
Carlos Culquichicon
Matiwos Soboka Daba - Jimma University
Giovanni Damiani - University of Milan
Lalit Dandona - University of Washington
Rakhi Dandona - University of Washington
Anh Kim Dang
Aso Mohammad Darwesh - Univ Human Dev, Dept Informat Technol, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Amira Hamed Darwish - Tanta University
Ahmad Daryani - College Station Medical Center
Jai K. Das - Aga Khan Univ, Div Women & Child Hlth, Karachi, Pakistan
Rajat Das Gupta - BRAC University
Aditya Prasad Dash
Gail Davey - Supreme Council Of Health
Claudio Alberto Davila-Cervantes - Latin Amer Fac Social Sci Mexico, Dept Populat & Dev, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Adrian C. Davis - Imperial Coll London, Dept Surg & Canc, London, England
Dragos Virgil Davitoiu - College Station Medical Center
Fernando Pio De la Hoz - Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Publ Hlth, Bogota, Colombia
Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis - Jimma University
Dereje Bayissa Demissie - Millennium Engineering and Integration
Getu Debalkie Demissie - University of Gondar
Gebre Teklemariam Demoz - Aksum University
Gebre Teklemariam Demoz
Edgar Denova-Gutierrez - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Nutr & Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Kebede Deribe - Wellcome Trust
Assefa Desalew - Haramaya University
Aniruddha Deshpande - University of Washington
Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne - University of Washington
Preeti Dhillon - Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Math Demog & Stat, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Meghnath Dhimal
Govinda Prasad Dhungana - Far-western University
Daniel Diaz - Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Complex Sci, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu
Shirin Djalalinia - College Station Medical Center
Kerrie E. Doyle
Eleonora Dubljanin - University of Belgrade
Bereket Duko - Curtin University
Andre Rodrigues Duraes - Supreme Council Of Health
Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan - Florida Int Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Miami, FL 33199 USA
Hisham Atan Edinur - Supreme Council Of Health
Andem Effiong
Aziz Eftekhari - College Station Medical Center
Nevine El Nahas - Ain Shams University
Iman El Sayed - Alexandria University
Maysaa El Sayed Zaki
Maha El Tantawi - Alexandria University
Teshome Bekele Elema - Addis Ababa University
Hala Rashad Elhabashy - Cairo University
Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary - Cairo University
Hajer Elkout - WHO, Hlth Informat, Tripoli, Libya
Aisha Elsharkawy - Cairo University
Iqbal R. F. Elyazar
Aklilu Endalamaw
Daniel Adane Endalew - Wolkite University
Sharareh Eskandarieh - University of Tehran
Alireza Esteghamati - University of Tehran
Sadaf Esteghamati - University of Tehran
Arash Etemadi - University of Tehran
Oluchi Ezekannagha - Int Inst Trop Agr, Ibadan, Nigeria
Mohammad Fareed
Roghiyeh Faridnia - College Station Medical Center
Farshad Farzadfar - University of Tehran
Mehdi Fazlzadeh - University of Tehran
Valery L. Feigin - University of Washington
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad - University of Ottawa
Eduarda Fernandes
Irina Filip - Kaiser Permanente
Florian Fischer - Ravensburg Weingarten Univ Appl Sci, Inst Gerontol Hlth Serv & Nursing Res, Weingarten, Germany
Nataliya A. Foigt
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan - Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Dept Child Dent Hlth, Ife, Nigeria
Masoud Foroutan - Supreme Council Of Health
Richard Charles Franklin - James Cook University
Takeshi Fukumoto - Kobe University
Mohamed M. Gad - Supreme Council Of Health
Reta Tsegaye Gayesa
Teshome Gebre
Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin - Addis Ababa University
Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel - Mekelle University
Hailay Abrha Gesesew - Mekelle University
Kebede Embaye Gezae - Mekelle University
Keyghobad Ghadiri - College Station Medical Center
Ahmad Ghashghaee - College Station Medical Center
Pramesh Raj Ghimire
Paramjit Singh Gill
Tiffany K. Gill
Themba G. Ginindza - University of KwaZulu-Natal
Nelson G. M. Gomes - Universidade do Porto
Sameer Vali Gopalani - University of Oklahoma
Alessandra C. Goulart - Federal Reserve
Barbara Niegia Garcia Goulart - Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Epidemiol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Ayman Grada
Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari - College Station Medical Center
Harish Chander Gugnani - Supreme Council Of Health
Davide Guido
Rafael Alves Guimaraes - Univ Fed Goias, Inst Trop Pathol & Publ Hlth, Goiania, Go, Brazil
Yuming Guo - College Station Medical Center
Rajeev Gupta - Eternal Heart Care Ctr & Res Inst, Dept Prevent Cardiol, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Nima Hafezi-Nejad - University of Tehran
Dessalegn H. Haile - Debre Markos University
Gessessew Bugssa Hailu - Mekelle University
Arvin Haj-Mirzaian - University of Tehran
Arya Haj-Mirzaian - Johns Hopkins University
Randah R. Hamadeh - Arabian Gulf University
Samer Hamidi - Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University
Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso
Hamidreza Haririan - College Station Medical Center
Ninuk Hariyani
Ahmed I. Hasaballah - Al Azhar Univ, Dept Zool & Entomol, Cairo, Egypt
Md Mehedi Hasan - University of Queensland
Edris Hasanpoor - College Station Medical Center
Amir Hasanzadeh - University of Tehran
Hadi Hassankhani - Supreme Council Of Health
Hamid Yimam Hassen - Mizan Tepi University
Mohamed I. Hegazy - Cairo University
Behzad Heibati
Behnam Heidari - University of Tehran
Delia Hendrie - Curtin University
Nathaniel J. Henry - University of Washington
Claudiu Herteliu - Bucharest Univ Econ Studies, Dept Stat & Econometr, Bucharest, Romania
Fatemeh Heydarpour - College Station Medical Center
Hagos Degefa de Hidru - Adigrat University
Thomas R. Hird - University of Bath
Chi Linh Hoang - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Enayatollah Homaie Rad
Praveen Hoogar - BIO
Mohammad Hoseini - Shiraz University
Naznin Hossain - Bangladesh Ind Gases Ltd, Dept Pharmacol, Tangail, Bangladesh
Mostafa Hosseini - University of Tehran
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh - Univ Human Dev, Dept Comp Sci, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Mowafa Househ - Hamad bin Khalifa University
Mohamed Hsairi
Guoqing Hu - Cent South Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Changsha, Peoples R China
Mohammedaman Mama Hussen - Madda Walabu University
Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye
Ehimario U. Igumbor - University of the Western Cape
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi - College Station Medical Center
Milena D. Ilic
Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab - Lorestan University
Usman Iqbal - College Station Medical Center
Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam - Deakin University
Chinwe Juliana Iwu - Stellenbosch University
Neda Izadi
Anelisa Jaca - Stellenbosch University
Nader Jahanmehr - Shahid Beheshti University
Mihajlo Jakovljevic - College Station Medical Center
Amir Jalali - College Station Medical Center
Achala Upendra Jayatilleke - SRI
Ravi Prakash Jha - College Station Medical Center
Vivekanand Jha - Manipal Acad Higher Educ, Manipal, India
John S. Ji - Duke University
Jost B. Jonas - Beijing Tongren Hosp, Beijing Inst Ophthalmol, Beijing, Peoples R China
Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak - College Station Medical Center
Ali Kabir - College Station Medical Center
Zubair Kabir
Amaha Kahsay - Mekelle University
Hamed Kalani
Tanuj Kanchan - College Station Medical Center
Behzad Karami Matin - College Station Medical Center
Andre Karch - University of Münster
Mohd Anisul Karim - University of Oxford
Hamidreza Karimi-Sari Surendra Karki - UNSW Sydney
Amir Kasaeian - University of Tehran
Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun
Yawukal Chane Kasahun
Habtamu Kebebe Kasaye
Gebrehiwot G. Kassa - Aksum University
Getachew Mullu Kassa - Debre Markos University
Gbenga A. Kayode
Ali Kazemi Karyani - College Station Medical Center
Mihiretu M. Kebede - Heidelberg
Peter Njenga Keiyoro
Abraham Getachew Kelbore - Wolaita Sodo University
Andre Pascal Kengne - College Station Medical Center
Daniel Bekele Ketema - Debre Markos University
Yousef Saleh Khader
Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie
Nauman Khalid - Supreme Council Of Health
Rovshan Khalilov - Baku State University
Ejaz Ahmad Khan
Junaid Khan - Int Inst Populat Sci, Dept Populat Studies, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Md Nuruzzaman Khan - Supreme Council Of Health
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan - Dow Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Internal Med, Karachi, Pakistan
Khaled Khatab - Ohio University
Amir M. Khater - Cairo University
Mona M. Khater - Cairo University
Maryam Khayamzadeh - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Khazaei - College Station Medical Center
Salman Khazaei - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Hossein Khosravi - College Station Medical Center
Jagdish Khubchandani - Ball State University
Ali Kiadaliri
Yun Jin Kim - Xiamen University Malaysia
Ruth W. Kimokoti - Simmons University
Adnan Kisa
Sezer Kisa - Oslo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Nursing & Hlth Promot, Oslo, Norway
Niranjan Kissoon
K. M. Shivakumar - College Station Medical Center
Sonali Kochhar - University of Washington
Tufa Kolola
Hamidreza Komaki - College Station Medical Center
Soewarta Kosen
Parvaiz A. Koul - College Station Medical Center
Ai Koyanagi - San Juan Dios Sanit Pk, CIBERSAM, Sant Boi De Llobregat, Spain
Moritz U. G. Kraemer - Harvard University
Kewal Krishan
Nuworza Kugbey - Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Family & Community Hlth, Ho, Ghana
G. Anil Kumar - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Manasi Kumar - UCL, Div Psychol & Language Sci, London, England
Pushpendra Kumar
Vivek Kumar Dian Kusuma - Supreme Council Of Health
Carlo La Vecchia - University of Milan
Ben Lacey - University of Oxford
Sheetal D. Lad
Dharmesh Kumar Lal - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Gurugram, India
Felix Lam - Access to Wholistic and Productive Living Institute
Faris Hasan Lami - University of Baghdad
Prabhat Lamichhane - Deakin University
Van Charles Lansingh
Savita Lasrado - College Station Medical Center
Avula Laxmaiah - College Station Medical Center
Paul H. Lee - Supreme Council Of Health
Kate E. LeGrand - University of Washington
Mostafa Leili - College Station Medical Center
Tsegaye Lolaso Lenjebo - Wolaita Sodo University
Cheru Tesema Leshargie
Aubrey J. Levine - University of Washington
Shanshan Li
Shai Linn
Shiwei Liu - Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing, Peoples R China
Simin Liu - Brown University
Rakesh Lodha - College Station Medical Center
Joshua Longbottom
Jaifred Christian F. Lopez - University of the Philippines Manila
Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek - College Station Medical Center
Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek
D. R. Mahadeshwara Prasad
Phetole Walter Mahasha - College Station Medical Center
Narayan B. Mahotra - Tribhuvan University
Azeem Majeed - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Reza Malekzadeh - University of Tehran
Deborah Carvalho Malta - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Maternal & Child Nursing & Publ Hlth, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Abdullah A. Mamun - University of Queensland
Navid Manafi - College Station Medical Center
Ana Laura Manda - College Station Medical Center
Narendar Dawani Dawanu Manohar
Mohammad Ali Mansournia - University of Tehran
Chabila Christopher Mapoma
Joemer C. Maravilla
Gabriel Martinez
Santi Martini - Airlangga University
Francisco Rogerlandio Martins-Melo - Fed Inst Educ Sci & Technol Ceara, Campus Caucaia, Caucaia, Brazil
Anthony Masaka - Botho University
Benjamin Ballard Massenburg - University of Washington
Manu Raj Mathur - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Hlth Policy Res, Gurugram, India
Benjamin K. Mayala - University of Washington
Mohsen Mazidi
Colm McAlinden
Birhanu Geta Meharie - Wollo University
Man Mohan Mehndiratta
Kala M. Mehta - Biostat
Tefera Chane Mekonnen - Wollo University
Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles - Mekelle University
Peter T. N. Memiah
Ziad A. Memish
Walter Mendoza - United Nations
Ritesh G. Menezes - Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Seid Tiku Mereta - Jimma University
Tuomo J. Meretoja - Helsinki Univ Hosp, Breast Surg Unit, Helsinki, Finland
Tomislav Mestrovic - Dr Zora Profoz Polyclin, Clin Microbiol & Parasitol Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
Bartosz Miazgowski
Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie - Bahir Dar University
Ted R. Miller - Curtin University
G. K. Mini - Womens Social & Hlth Studies Fdn, Womens Inst Social & Hlth Studies, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov - College Station Medical Center
Babak Moazen - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany
Bahram Mohajer - University of Tehran
Amjad Mohamadi-Bolbanabad
Dara K. Mohammad
Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad - Tishk Int Univ, Erbil, Iraq
Yousef Mohammad - King Saud University
Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji - Biostat
Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh - College Station Medical Center
Noushin Mohammadifard - College Station Medical Center
Jemal Abdu Mohammed
Shafiu Mohammed - Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg Inst Global Hlth, Heidelberg, Germany
Farnam Mohebi - University of Tehran
Ali H. Mokdad - University of Washington
Mariam Molokhia - College Station Medical Center
Lorenzo Monasta
Yoshan Moodley - Cent Univ Technol, Hlth & Environm Sci Dept, Bloemfontein, South Africa
Catrin E. Moore - University of Oxford
Ghobad Moradi - Biostat
Masoud Moradi - College Station Medical Center
Mohammad Moradi-Joo
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh - College Station Medical Center
Paula Moraga - University of Bath
Linda Morales - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Populat Hlth Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Ilais Moreno Velasquez
Abbas Mosapour - College Station Medical Center
Simin Mouodi - College Station Medical Center
Seyyed Meysam Mousavi - University of Tehran
Miliva Mozaffor - College Station Medical Center
Kindie Fentahun Muchie - Bahir Dar University
Getahun Fentaw Mulaw
Sandra B. Munro - University of Washington
Moses K. Muriithi - University of Nairobi
Christoper J. L. Murray - University of Washington
G. V. S. Murthy
Kamarul Imran Musa
Ghulam Mustafa - Inst Mother & Child Care, Dept Pediat & Pediat Pulmonol, Multan, Pakistan
Saravanan Muthupandian - Mekelle University
Ashraf F. Nabhan - Ain Shams University
Mehdi Naderi - College Station Medical Center
Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan
Kovin S. Naidoo - University of KwaZulu-Natal
Gurudatta Naik
Farid Najafi - College Station Medical Center
Vinay Nangia
Jobert Richie Nansseu - Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Control Dis Epidem & Pandem, Yaounde, Cameroon
Bruno Ramos Nascimento - Federal Reserve
Javad Nazari - Arak University
Duduzile Edith Ndwandwe - South African Med Res Council, Cochrane South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
Ionut Negoi - College Station Medical Center
Henok Biresaw Netsere - University of Gondar
Josephine W. Ngunjiri
Cuong Tat Nguyen
Huong Lan Thi Nguyen
Trang Huyen Nguyen - Trường ĐH Nguyễn Tất Thành
Dabere Nigatu - Bahir Dar University
Solomon Gedlu Nigatu - University of Gondar
Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum - College Station Medical Center
Chukwudi A. Nnaji - College Station Medical Center
Marzieh Nojomi - College Station Medical Center
Vuong Minh Nong
Ole F. Norheim - Harvard University
Jean Jacques Noubiap
Soraya Nouraei Motlagh - Lorestan University
Bogdan Oancea - University of Bucharest
Okechukwu Samuel Ogah - University of Ibadan
Felix Akpojene Ogbo - Western Sydney University
In-Hwan Oh
Andrew T. Olagunju - University of Lagos
Tinuke O. Olagunju
Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya
Jacob Olusegun Olusanya
Obinna E. Onwujekwe
Eyal Oren - University of Washington
Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Hlth Syst Res Ctr, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Osayomwanbo Osarenotor - Univ Benin, Dept Environm Management & Toxicol, Benin, Nigeria
Frank B. Osei
Mayowa O. Owolabi - College Station Medical Center
P. A. Mahesh
Jagadish Rao Padubidri
Smita Pakhale - College Station Medical Center
Sangram Kishor Patel - Indian Inst Hlth Management Res Univ, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Angel J. Paternina-Caicedo - Supreme Council Of Health
Ashish Pathak
George C. Patton - University of Melbourne
Deepak Paudel - Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Ctr Int Hlth, Munich, Germany
Kebreab Paulos - Wolaita Sodo University
Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito
Alexandre Pereira - Harvard University
Norberto Perico
Aslam Pervaiz
Julia Moreira Pescarini - British Science Association
Bakhtiar Piroozi
Meghdad Pirsaheb - College Station Medical Center
Maarten J. Postma - University of Groningen
Hadi Pourjafar - College Station Medical Center
Farshad Pourmalek
Akram Pourshams - University of Tehran
Hossein Poustchi - University of Tehran
Sergio I. Prada - Fdn Valle Lili, Clin Res Ctr, Cali, Colombia
Narayan Prasad
Liliana Preotescu - College Station Medical Center
Hedley Quintana
Navid Rabiee - Sharif University of Technology
Amir Radfar - AT Still Univ, Coll Grad Hlth Sci, Mesa, AZ 85206 USA
Alireza Rafiei - College Station Medical Center
Fakher Rahim - University of Tehran
Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar - University of Tehran
Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar - University of Tehran
Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman
Muhammad Aziz Rahman - La Trobe University
Shafiur Rahman - Hamamatsu University
Fatemeh Rajati - College Station Medical Center
Saleem Muhammad Rana - University of Lahore
Chhabi Lal Ranabhat - Policy Res Inst, Res Dept, Kathmandu, Nepal
Davide Rasella - British Science Association
David Laith Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, WHO Collaborating Ctr Publ Hlth Educ & Training, London, England
Salman Rawaf - Imperial Coll London, Dept Primary Care & Publ Hlth, London, England
Lal Rawal
Wasiq Faraz Rawasia
Vishnu Renjith
Andre M. N. Renzaho - Western Sydney University
Serge Resnikoff - UNSW Sydney
Melese Abate Reta - Woldia University
Negar Rezaei - University of Tehran
Mohammad Sadegh Rezai - College Station Medical Center
Seyed Mohammad Riahi - College Station Medical Center
Ana Isabel Ribeiro - Universidade do Porto
Jennifer Rickard - Univ Teaching Hosp Kigali, Dept Surg, Kigali, Rwanda
Maria Rios-Blancas - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Leonardo Roever
Luca Ronfani
Elias Merdassa Roro
Jennifer M. Ross - University of Washington
Enrico Rubagotti - Southern Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ocean Sci & Engn, Shenzhen, Peoples R China
Salvatore Rubino - University of Sassari
Anas M. Saad - Cleveland Clin, Inst Heart & Vasc, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
Yogesh Damodar Sabde - Natl Inst Res Environm Hlth, Environm Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Bhopal, India
Siamak Sabour
Ehsan Sadeghi - College Station Medical Center
Yahya Safari - College Station Medical Center
Roya Safari-Faramani - College Station Medical Center
Rajesh Sagar - College Station Medical Center
Amirhossein Sahebkar - Food & Drug Adm Islamic Republ Iran, Halal Res Ctr IRI, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Ali Sahraian - University of Tehran
S. Mohammad Sajadi
Mohammad Reza Salahshoor - College Station Medical Center
Nasir Salam - University of the Punjab
Payman Salamati - University of Tehran
Hosni Salem - Cairo University
Marwa Rashad Salem
Yahya Salimi - Biostat
Hamideh Salimzadeh - University of Tehran
Abdallah M. Samy - Ain Shams University
Juan Sanabria - Case Western Reserve University
Milena M. Santric-Milicevic - University of Belgrade
Bruno Piassi Sao Jose - Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Infect Dis & Trop Med, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy - PSG FAIMER South Asia Reg Inst, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Kaushik Sarkar - UCL, Inst Child Hlth, London, England
Abdur Razzaque Sarker
Nizal Sarrafzadegan - College Station Medical Center
Benn Sartorius - University of Washington
Brijesh Sathian - College Station Medical Center
Thirunavukkarasu Sathish
Monika Sawhney - Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Charlotte, NC USA
Sonia Saxena - Supreme Council Of Health
David C. Schwebel - University of Alabama
Anbissa Muleta Senbeta
Subramanian Senthilkumaran
Sadaf G. Sepanlou - University of Tehran
Edson Servan-Mori - Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Syst Res, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
Hosein Shabaninejad - College Station Medical Center
Azadeh Shafieesabet - Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Masood Ali Shaikh
Ali S. Shalash - Ain Shams University
Seifadin Ahmed Shallo
Mehran Shams-Beyranvand
MohammadBagher Shamsi
Morteza Shamsizadeh - College Station Medical Center
Mohammed Shannawaz - BLDE University
Kiomars Sharafi - College Station Medical Center
Hamid Sharifi
Hatem Samir Shehata - Cairo University
Aziz Sheikh - Harvard University
B. Suresh Kumar Shetty
Kenji Shibuya - Kings Coll London, Inst Populat Hlth, London, England
Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw - Debre Berhan University
Desalegn Markos Shifti - Millennium Engineering and Integration
Mika Shigematsu - Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan
Jae Il Shin - Emory University
Rahman Shiri
Reza Shirkoohi - University of Tehran
Soraya Siabani - College Station Medical Center
Tariq Jamal Siddiqi - Dow Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Karachi, Pakistan
Diego Augusto Santos Silva - Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Phys Educ, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
Ambrish Singh - University of Tasmania
Jasvinder A. Singh - College Station Medical Center
Narinder Pal Singh
Virendra Singh
Malede Mequanent Sisay - University of Gondar
Eirini Skiadaresi
Mohammad Reza Sobhiyeh - College Station Medical Center
Anton Sokhan - College Station Medical Center
Shahin Soltani - College Station Medical Center
Ranjani Somayaji - University of Washington
Moslem Soofi - College Station Medical Center
Muluken Bekele Sorrie - Arba Minch University
Ireneous N. Soyiri - University of Edinburgh
Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy
Agus Sudaryanto
Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan
Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria - University of Melbourne
Marufa Sultana - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Nutr & Clin Serv Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Bruno Fokas Sunguya - Muhimbili Univ Hlth & Allied Sci, Dept Community Hlth, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Bryan L. Sykes - Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Criminol Law & Soc, Irvine, CA USA
Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos - Universitat de València
Takahiro Tabuchi
Degena Bahrey Tadesse - Aksum University
Ingan Ukur Tarigan
Aberash Abay Tasew - Mekelle University
Yonatal Mesfin Tefera - Wollo University
Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle - Haramaya University
Mohamad-Hani Temsah - King Saud University
Berhe Etsay Tesfay - Adigrat University
Fisaha Haile Tesfay - Mekelle University
Belay Tessema - University of Gondar
Zemenu Tadesse Tessema - University of Gondar
Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan - University of Kerala
Nihal Thomas - College Station Medical Center
Alemayehu Toma - Hawassa University
Roman Topor-Madry - Jagiellonian University
Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone - Modestum LTD, London, England
Eugenio Traini - Univ Utrecht, Inst Risk Assessment Sci, Utrecht, Netherlands
Bach Xuan Tran - College Station Medical Center
Khanh Bao Tran
Irfan Ullah - Iqra Natl Univ, Dept Microbiol, Peshawar, Pakistan
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan - College Station Medical Center
Muhammad Shariq Usman - Dow Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Internal Med, Karachi, Pakistan
Benjamin S. Chudi Uzochukwu - University of Nigeria
Pascual R. Valdez - College Station Medical Center
Santosh Varughese - College Station Medical Center
Francesco S. Violante - University of Bologna
Sebastian Vollmer - Harvard University
Feleke Gebremeskel W. Hawariat - Arba Minch University
Yasir Waheed - College Station Medical Center
Mitchell Taylor Wallin - George Washington University
Yafeng Wang
Yuan-Pang Wang
Marcia Weaver - University of Washington
Bedilu Girma Weji - Millennium Engineering and Integration
Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel - Aksum University
Catherine A. Welgan - University of Washington
Andrea Werdecker
Ronny Westerman
Taweewat Wiangkham - Naresuan University
Charles Shey Wiysonge - College Station Medical Center
Haileab Fekadu Wolde - University of Gondar
Dawit Zewdu Wondafrash - Mekelle University
Tewodros Eshete Wonde - Debre Markos University
Getasew Taddesse Worku - Arba Minch University
Ai-Min Wu - College Station Medical Center
Gelin Xu - Nanjing University
Ali Yadollahpour
Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari
Tomohide Yamada
Hiroshi Yatsuya - Nagoya University
Alex Yeshaneh - Wolkite University
Christopher Sabo Yilgwan - University of Jos
Mekdes Tigistu Yilma - Wollega University
Paul Yip - University of Hong Kong
Engida Yisma - Addis Ababa University
Naohiro Yonemoto - Natl Ctr Neurol & Psychiat, Dept Neuropsychopharmaol, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
Seok-Jun Yoon - Korea Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Seoul, South Korea
Mustafa Z. Younis - Jackson State University
Mahmoud Yousefifard - College Station Medical Center
Hebat-Allah Salah A. Yousof - Cairo University
Chuanhua Yu
Hasan Yusefzadeh - Urmia University
Siddhesh Zadey - Duke University
Zoubida Zaidi - University Ferhat Abbas of Setif
Sojib Bin Zaman - Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Maternal & Child Hlth Div, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Mohammad Zamani - College Station Medical Center
Hamed Zandian
Nejimu Biza Zepro - Samara Univ, Dept Nursing, Semera, Ethiopia
Taddese Alemu Zerfu - Dilla University
Yunquan Zhang - Wuhan University
Xiu-Ju George Zhao - Supreme Council Of Health
Arash Ziapour - College Station Medical Center
Sanjay Zodpey - Publ Hlth Fdn India, Indian Inst Publ Hlth, Gurugram, India
Yves Miel H. Zuniga - Dept Hlth Philippines, Hlth Technol Assessment Unit, Manila, Philippines
Simon I. Hay - University of Washington
Robert C. Reiner - University of Washington
Local Burden Dis Diarrhoea
Publication Details: The Lancet global health, Vol.8(8), pp.1038-1060
Publisher: Elsevier
Number of pages: 23
Grant note: 001 / Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) Wellcome Trust 201900/Z/16/Z / Wellcome Trust as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship; Wellcome Trust PI17/00719 / Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; European Commission P01-AG041710 / National Institute on Aging of NIH; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA) Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) early career fellowship; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (SENACYT, Panama) OI175014 / Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia; Ministry of Education, Science & Technological Development, Serbia 175087 / Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia; Ministry of Education, Science & Technological Development, Serbia EU; European Commission NIHR Biomedical Research Center at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College London OPP1132415; OPP1127433 / Bill AMP; Melinda Gates Foundation; CGIAR South African Medical Research Council; UK Research & Innovation (UKRI); Medical Research Council UK (MRC); South Africa Medical Research Council (SAMRC) DST PURSE grant III45005 / Project of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Serbia Deakin University National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award - German Federal Ministry of Education and Research International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia Public Health Agency of Canada NHMRC Fellowship; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia National Heart Foundation of Australia Egyptian Fulbright Mission programme PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084 / Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI; Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice (CNCS); Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI) Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/0001 / Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia R01-AI124389; R01-AI112339 / National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of NIH Sistema Nacional de Investigacion (SNI) de la Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENACYT) of Panama D43-TW009775 / Fogarty International Center of NIH; United States Department of Health & Human Services; National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA; NIH Fogarty International Center (FIC) SFRH/BHD/110001/2015; DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006 / Portuguese national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma Transitoria; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) P_40_382 / European Fund for Regional Development through the Operational Program for Competitiveness Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) UGC Center of Advanced Study UID/MULTI/04378/2019; UID/QUI/50006/2019 / FCT/Ministerio da Ciencia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior through national funds Health Data Research UK R01-HD084233 / National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of National Institutes of Health (NIH) NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ)
Identifiers: 9913512608331
Academic Unit: Alfaisal University; King Abdullah University of Science & Technology; King Saud University; Jazan University; Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
Language: English
Resource Type: Journal article