Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of lignocelluloses for biogas production is greatly restricted by the poor biomass degradability. Herein, a novel approach is suggested to enhance the energy recovery from rice straw through a two-step conversion using eggshell-based catalytic pyrolysis followed by biochar-based anaerobic co-digestion. Pyrolysis with eggshell significantly enhanced the crude bio-oil yield by 4.6 %. Anaerobic digestion of rice straw using 4 g L−1 of rice straw biochar (RB) showed the highest recorded biogas yield of 503.7 L kg−1 VS, with 268.6 L kg−1 VS biomethane yield. However, 4 g L−1 of calcium-enriched eggshell rice straw biochar (ERB) enhanced the biomethane yield to 281.8 L kg−1 VS, which represented 95.6 % higher than the control. It was attributed to enhancement of biomethanation, which resulted in 74.5 % maximum recorded biomethane content at the 7th day of anaerobic digestion. Microbial analysis confirmed that Methanosarciniales was the most dominant Archael group in the control (14.84 %), which increased sharply to 73.91 % and 91.66 % after addition of 4 g L−1 RB and ERB, respectively. The suggested route enhanced the energy recovery in the form of bio-oil and biomethane by 41.6 %.
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•Eggshell (ES) significantly enhanced crude bio-oil yield from rice straw pyrolysis by 4.6 %.•4 g L−1 rice straw biochar (RB) showed the highest biogas yield of 503.7 L kg−1 VS.•Addition of 4 g L−1 Ca-enriched biochar (ERB) showed the highest biomethane yield.•Thermotogota and Methanosaeta were dominant at 4 g L−1 ERB.•Suggested approach enhanced energy output in form of bio-oil and biomethane by 41.6 %.