Abstract
Local schools in Iraq suffer from low functional performance caused by several reasons, including; increasing the number of students, changing curriculum, and the developing methods of learning, as well as high economic consequences of demolition for these schools, which cast a shadow on the functional performance of these schools. Therefore, their design needs to be improved to match these changing factors. This paper tries to study this problem by following two steps; Firstly, delineation of built types of local schools, delineation of functional components with the area, then comparing these functional components and their areas with that in Iraqi and International standards, to discover the shortage quantitatively and, to satisfy the needed necessities, secondly, the step of preparation (design alternatives) for each type, by using mechanisms as addition, subtraction, and substitution. The research was able to put forward possible alternatives to built types of local schools, the adoption of design solutions to address the shortage for each type and try to come up with multiple alternatives, then choose the best alternative of them, and by using evaluation criteria qualitatively, the best alternative selected. Hence, the Double Courts alternative in primary schools seems to be the best one, depending on five criteria; a ratio of satisfying necessities, orientation as an environmental request, financial economy, ratio of modification, and design flexibility.
Disciplinary: Architecture, Education (c) 2022 INT TRANS J ENG MANAG SCI TECH.