Abstract
The micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) of phenol in synthetic wastewater using two polysulfone spiral membranes of 6- and 10-kDa molecule weight cut-off (MWCO) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as cationic surfactant was studied. The effects on the permeate flux, permeate and retentate concentrations of phenol and CPC of various factors in the practical application of MEUF were studied, including surfactant and phenol concentrations, retentate flux, operating pressure, temperature and electrolyte. It was found that these two membranes could adsorb free phenol so the concentration of permeate phenol was lower than that of free phenol. The retentate phenol concentration kept increasing, then decreased slightly with the increase of the feed CPC concentration. Retentate flux and temperature had great effect on the performance of MEUF, and operating pressure did not. The addition of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) could increase the retentate phenol concentration and decrease the permeate concentrations of phenol and CPC significantly. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.