Abstract
Microbial Corrosion or more commonly known as Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is of significant interest and importance to the oil and gas industry. Microorganisms such as sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB), sulphate oxidizing bacteria (SOB), Metal oxidizing and reducing bacteria are responsible of MIC, with SRB to be considered as major cause of MIC in pipeline systems. Reservoir souring, leakage in storage tanks, and equipment and pipeline failures are some of the key issues faced by this industry due to MIC. With 75% and 50% shares in the oil well failures and internal pipeline corrosion respectively, it has now become a prime area of research in terms of understanding the microbial species, their interactions with metals and other microorganisms, followed by detection, monitoring and control of MIC. This paper/project reviews the current understanding of MIC in oil and gas industry that has been developed through research activities over the recent past. Microorganisms associated with corrosion are introduced, after which the details of mechanisms involved in an MIC occurrence are presented. Conventional and advanced characterization, monitoring and inspections techniques for MIC are discussed in detail. Various methods for prevention and control are presented such as cleaning methods, use of biocides, coatings, proper material selection, and cathodic protection. Excerpts of case studies are included to provide the insights on how research is being conducted in the industry towards MIC occurrences. It is found that MIC is a function of a host of parameters which are common in oil and gas industries, making them extremely vulnerable to this severe form of corrosion.